Mister Guru

A. Complete the following conditional sentences. Use type 1, 2, 3, or mixed conditional.

1. If I were you, I (consult) with the advisor before making a decision.
   1. will consult
   2. would consult
   
   3. would have consulted
   4. would have been consulted
   5. consulted
2. If we (come) earlier, we would not have missed that great speaker.
   1. came
   2. come
   3. have come
   4. are coming
   5. had come
3. You would not be in such a problem if you (listen) to your parents' advice.
   1. will listen
   2. had listened
   3. have listened
   4. are listening
   5. listen
4. I’m pretty sure that if he (know) the consequences, he wouldn’t have done such a silly act.
   1. had known
   2. knew
   3. know
   4. would have known
   5. would know
5. If you know her better, you (find) that she is a nice and lovable person.
   1. found
   2. would find
   3. had found
   4. find
   5. will find
6. He (not be) happy at all if he knows what you have done to his cat.
   1. would not be
   2. is not
   3. will not be
   4. were not
   5. had not been
7. If I were the same age as her, I (probably fall) in love with her.
   1. will probably fall
   2. is probably falling
   3. probably falls
   4. would probably fall
   5. would probably have fallen
8. Unless you do something about it, this problem (still exist).
   1. will still exist
   2. still exists
   3. would still exist
   4. still existed
   5. would still have existed
9. If you (scan) the flash disk before opening it, the virus wouldn’t have infected your computer.
   1. scanned
   2. scan
   3. would scan
   4. have scanned
   5. had scanned
10. She wouldn’t have been mad at you if you (explain) what had actually happened.
    1. explained
    2. explain
    3. had explained
    4. were explaining
    5. have expained
11. If you didn’t tell me, I (never realize) the truth.
    1. would never have realized
    2. will never have realized
    3. will never realize
    4. never realized
    5. would never realize
12. I wouldn’t care about you and what you do if you (be not) my friend.
    1. will not be
    2. would not be
    3. are not
    4. were not
    5. had not been
13. If Columbus (not discover) America, the world history would be totally different from the one we know today.
    1. does not discover
    2. would not discover
    3. would not have discovered
    4. have not discovered
    5. had not discovered
14. If the factory (be) closed, the economy in that small town would have been greatly affected.
    1. is
    2. were
    3. had been
    4. was
    5. has been
15. If you (not remind) me, I would have forgotten that today we are having an English test.
    1. do not remind
    2. had not reminded
    3. did not remind
    4. will not remind
    5. have not reminded
16. He would have left the party if she (not ask) him to stay.
    1. did not ask
    2. does not ask
    3. had not asked
    4. were not asked
    5. was not asking
17. If we opened the windows, I’m sure the air in this room (be) fresh.
    1. is
    2. was
    3. were
    4. will be
    5. would be
18. I’m sure that if you (be) more relaxed, you would have done better in the listening test.
    1. were
    2. had been
    3. are
    4. have been
    5. would be
19. You won’t be able to think clearly if you (be) depressed.
    1. were
    2. had been
    3. would be
    4. are
    5. have been
20. If I (know) about this, I would never have decided to come to this crowded place.
    1. knew
    2. know
    3. have known
    4. would have known
    5. had known

Click here to learn about conditional sentences.

Kompetensi Dasar Bahasa Inggris Muatan Nasional:
3.13. Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait saran dan tawaran, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan should, can)
4.13. Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional, lisan dan tulis, pendek dan sederhana, yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait saran dan tawaran, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.

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n daily occasions, we often come across situations in which it is necessary for us to ask for and make suggestions to a family member, relative, friend, and/or colleague. People need suggestions when they have no idea of what to do. In this post, we are going to learn how to ask for a suggestion or advice, how to give a suggestion or advice, how to make a suggestion or advice, and how to respond to a suggestion or advice in English. Study the following expressions.

Expressions used to ask for and give advice and suggestions

Asking for Advice and Suggestions

Giving Advice and Suggestions

Do you think I ought to .........? Do you have any idea about how I can ...? What do you think I should .........? Should I try to .........? If you were in my shoes, would you .........? If you were in my situation, how would you .........? Can you give me some advice about ...? What / how do you suggest .........? What do you recommend .........? Do you have any recommendations about .........? Can you recommend .........?

(I’d say that) You’d better ......... If I were you, I would ......... If I were in your shoes, I would ......... If I were in your situation, I would ......... It would probably a good idea to ......... Why don’t you .........? How about .........? Maybe you should ......... I advise you to ......... My advice is to ......... I suggest that we / you ......... Let me suggest that we / you ......... I recommend that you ......... My recommendation is that we / you ..........

Expressions used to respond to advice and suggestions

Agreeing	Disagreeing
I agree with you. I think you're right. I couldn't agree more. I think so. That's a good idea. That's right. Thanks. I'll take your advice. That sounds great.	No, I don't think so. I disagree with you. That's not a good idea. I understand your point, but I think ....

Complete the following short dialogues.

1	Woman: (asks for a suggestion)	"......... to the party tonight?"
	Man: (gives a suggestion)	"You’d better wear the dress that you wore to the prom last month. It looks good on you."
	Woman: (agrees)	".........."

2	Woman: (complains)	"I have a bad headache."
	Man: (gives a suggestion)	".........."
	Woman: (agrees)	"........."

3	Woman: (asks for a suggestion)	"I want to eat out this evening. .........?"
	Man: (gives a suggestion)	".........."
	Woman: (agrees)	".........."

To do more exercises on "How to ask for suggestions, give suggestions, respond to suggestions", please proceed to the exercise page.
Also check our latest post containing a video material complete with exercises HERE.

After studying causative verbs, now it's time to do these exercises.

A. Why did you do these things? Answer the questions by using "have something done".

1. Why did you go to the hairdresser? (my hair - cut)
   Answer: To have my hair cut.
2. Why did you take your car to the garage? (it - service)
   Answer: ....
3. Why did you take your jacket to the cleaner's? (it - clean)
   Answer: ....
4. Why did you call the plumber? (the leak - repair)
   Answer: ....
5. Why did you go to the jeweller's? (my watch - repair)
   Answer: ....

B. Complete the sentences by using the words in brackets. Use the structure "have something done".

1. We ... (the house / paint) ... at the moment.
   Answer: We are having the house painted at the moment.
2. I've lost my key. I'll have to ... (another key / make) ....
   Answer: ....
3. Your hair is long. When was the last time you ... (your hair / cut) ....
   Answer: ....
4. You look different. Have you ... (your hair / cut) ...?
   Answer: ....
5. Do you ... (a newspaper / deliver) ... to your house or do you go to the shop to buy one?
   Answer: ....
6. A: What are those workmen doing in your garden?
   B: Oh, we ... (a swimming pool / build) ....
   Answer: ....
7. A: Can I see the photographs you took when you were on holiday?
   B: I'm afraid I ... (not / the film / develop) ... yet.
   Answer: ....
8. This coat is dirty. I must ... (it / clean) ....
   Answer: ....
9. If you want to wear earrings, why don't you ... (your ears / pierce) ...?
   Answer: ....
10. This pair of trousers is too long for you. I think you should ... (it / shorten) ....
    Answer: ....

C. Reword the following sentences, using have or get with a past participle.

1. Someone washed my car for me yesterday.
   Answer: I had my car washed yesterday.
2. I asked someone to paint the gate last week.
   Answer: ....
3. Can I ask someone to deliver the pizza?
   Answer: ....
4. We ordered someone to check the printer.
   Answer: ....
5. We are running out of time. We must ask someone to send the invitation today.
   Answer: ....
6. I'm going to tell someone to add an extra room.
   Answer: ....
7. Ask someone to post the announcement soon.
   Answer: ....
8. The knife wants sharpening.
   Answer: ....
9. The letter is in Indonesian. I'm going to ask someone to translate it into English.
   Answer: ....
10. The computer program doesn't work well. We should ask them to reinstall it.
    Answer: ....

Ketika melihat seorang teman telah memotong rambutnya, pertanyaan mana yang lebih tepat kita utarakan? "When did you cut your hair?" atau "When did you have your hair cut?". Begitu juga jawabannya, mana yang lebih tepat, "I cut my hair yesterday." atau "I had it cut yesterday."?

Kedua bentuk pertanyaan dan jawaban tersebut sebenarnya memiliki perbedaan makna yang sangat mendasar "When did you cut your hair?" ~ "I cut my hair yesterday." sebenarnya bermakna memotong rambut kita sendiri tanpa bantuan orang lain. Jika kita menyuruh orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu (misal: memotong rambut kita), akan lebih tepat jika kita mengatakan "When did you have your hair cut?" ~ I had it cut yesterday." Inilah yang disebut causative verb.

Penggunaan Causative verbs dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris memiliki makna bahwa seseorang menyuruh atau membuat orang lain melakukan sesuatu. Causative verbs juga bisa mengindikasikan bahwa seseorang meminta suatu hal terjadi. Causative verb bisa berbentuk kata kerja (tense) apapun.
Causative verb selalu diikuti kata kerja (verb) berbentuk simple (Verb 1), infinitive (to + Verb 1), atau past participle (Verb 3):

1. Bentuk simple (The simple form)

   Causative verbs followed by the simple verb

   Noun	Causative verb	Noun (person)	Verb (simple)	Noun
   The teacher	makes has lets	his students	speak	English.



2. Bentuk Infinitive (The infinitive form)

   Causative verbs followed by the infinitive

   Noun	Causative verb	Noun (person)	Verb (simple)	Noun
   The teacher	gets wants orders permits allows	his students	to speak	English.



3. Bentuk Past Participle (The past participle form).

   Causative verbs followed by the past participle

   Noun	Causative verb	Noun (person)	Verb (simple)	Noun
   The teacher	had got	the essay	written	in English.

Summary:

1. Untuk menunjukkan bahwa seseorang menyuruh orang lain melakukan sesuatu, causative verb bisa diikuti bentuk simple (verb 1) atau infinitive (to Verb 1). Bentuk ini juga disebut Active Causative (nomer 1 & 2).
2. Untuk menunjukkan bahwa seseorang menyuruh sesuatu dikerjakan oleh seseorang, causative verb harus diikuti bentuk past participle (verb 3). Bentuk ini juga disebut Passive Causative (nomer 3).

Exercise:
Do you know the difference?

1. a. He repaired the broken window last Sunday.
   b. He had the broken window repaired last Sunday.
2. a. She makes her own dresses.
   b. She always gets her dresses made.
3. a. She is typing the letter now.
   b. She is having the letter typed.
4. a. They are going to repaint the house.
   b. They are going to have the house repainted.
5. a. I translated the story into English.
   b. I had the story translated into English.

Click here to do the exercise on causative verbs.

In the previous post "Expressions Related to Feelings, Wonder, Curiosity, and Possibility" we have learnt about how to express our feelings related to wonder, curiosity, and possibility. Now, let's do this exercise to see how much you have learnt about those expressions.

I. Complete the following dialogs.

1. Your friend looks very sad. You can see that she has been crying.
   You: "You look awful. What’s the matter?"
   Your friend: "It’s Trio. I saw him walking hand in hand with a girl last night."
   You: "Are you sure it was him? ...(asking about a possibility)...."
   Your friend: "I couldn’t have been mistaken. I know him very well, and I’m sure it was him that I saw last night. ...(wondering who the girl was)...."
   You: "Take it easy, honey. ...(expressing another possibility)...."
   Your friend: "...(stating a possibility).... I certainly hope you are right."


2. You and your sister are watching TV when there is a news break, informing that there’s just been a plane crash in the jungle of Kalimantan. A Search and Rescue team has been sent. You are talking about the possibility of survivors.
   You: "What a horrible accident! ...(wondering if the passengers survived)...."
   Your sister: "...(asking about a possibility)...."
   You: "...(stating a possibility that only few survived)...."
   Your sister: "...(wondering when the SAR team can locate them)...."

II. Choose the best answer to the following questions

1. Man: "You look worried. Is something bothering you?"
   Woman: "Yes, I wonder why I failed the test. ...."
   Man: "Sorry to hear that. But if I were you, I would give it another try."
   
   1. What have you done?
   2. I’ve never failed in my life.
   3. The teacher doesn’t like me.
   4. I’m very sad to hear that.
   5. I had prepared myself for that.
2. In the above dialog, the man asked the woman about her ....
   1. wonder
   2. possibility
   3. thoughts
   4. anger
   5. pleasure
3. In the dialog, the woman expressed ....
   1. wonder
   2. possibility
   3. blame
   4. anger
   5. pleasure
4. In the end, the man expressed his ....
   1. curiosity
   2. possibility
   3. sympathy
   4. condolence
   5. pleasure
5. Man: "No way we can open this screw. Is it possible to do it another way?"
   Woman: ".... Try changing your screwdriver."
   1. Please leave it
   2. Forget it
   3. What a relief!
   4. It’s impossible.
   5. There’s a great possibility.
6. In the above dialog, the man asked about ....
   1. wonder
   2. possibility
   3. thoughts
   4. anger
   5. pleasure
7. In the dialog, the woman ... a possibility.
   1. stated
   2. asked
   3. blamed
   4. rejected
   5. accepted
8. Man: "It’s not you to look as awful as you are now. ...."
   Woman: "Lucy has borrowed my dictionary but when I asked her this morning she said that she had returned it. I wonder if she told me the truth."
   Man: "Try to remember. It’s very likely that either of you forget."
   1. Please accept my deepest sympathy.
   2. Are you worried about something?
   3. What a relief!
   4. I don’t understand why you did that!
   5. I’m sorry to hear that!
9. In the above dialog, the man asked the woman about her ....
   1. pleasure
   2. sympathy
   3. feelings
   4. anger
   5. surprise
10. In the dialog, the woman expressed her ....
    1. pleasure
    2. sympathy
    3. possibility
    4. wishes
    5. wonder
11. In the end, the man told the woman a ....
    1. pleasure
    2. possibility
    3. sympathy
    4. curiosity
    5. wonder
12. Man: "This is not my jacket! ...."
    Woman: "Don’t be too suspicious. There’s a big chance that someone has mistaken."
    1. Don’t take my jacket!
    2. I wonder whose jacket it is.
    3. What a shameful act!
    4. I will take this jacket
    5. I’m sad to see this jacket.
13. In the above dialog, the man expressed his ....
    1. wonder
    2. possibility
    3. curiosity
    4. sympathy
    5. pleasure
14. In the above dialog, the woman ... a possibility.
    1. stated
    2. asked
    3. blamed
    4. rejected
    5. accepted
15. Man: Hey, you’re crying! .... Woman: "I’ve lost Hammy, my hamster pet. I wonder where he is now."
    Man: "Cheer up. He could be playing somewhere. It’s alright."
    1. Please forget it.
    2. Stop crying, can’t you?
    3. What a relief!
    4. You can’t take this anymore.
    5. Are you worried about something?
16. In the above dialog, the man asked the woman about her ....
    1. pleasure
    2. anger
    3. sympathy
    4. feelings
    5. surprise
17. In the dialog, the woman expressed her ....
    1. pleasure
    2. wishes
    3. sympathy
    4. wonder
    5. possibility
18. In the end, the man told the woman a ....
    1. pleasure
    2. curiosity
    3. certainty
    4. possibility
    5. wonder
19. It’s very likely that the missing victims have drowned in the open sea.
    The above sentence expresses a ....
    1. possibility
    2. sympathy
    3. complaint
    4. certainty
    5. openness
20. I often wonder why the rumble of thunder lasts so much longer than the lightning flash.
    The above sentence expresses a ....
    1. possibility
    2. wonder
    3. impossibility
    4. certainty
    5. openness

Beberapa hari lalu, Mister Guru menerima email dari ecollegefinder.org yang mengabarkan bahwa blog ini telah dinominasikan sebagai salah satu blog ESL (English as Second Language) terbaik dalam ajang "Top ESL Blog Award". Ini benar-benar diluar perkiraan Mister Guru yang nge-blog murni hanya untuk berbagi ilmu dan membantu mereka yang ingin belajar bahasa Inggris. Jangankan menang, masuk sebagai nominee saja Mister Guru sudah bersyukur banget. :D

Dalam ajang Top ESL Blog Award, Mister Guru harus bersaing dengan banyak blog lainnya untuk mendapatkan voting sebanyak mungkin dari publik agar bisa masuk dalam peringkat 3 (tiga) besar. Setelah masa voting berakhir, 3 (tiga) blog dengan voting terbanyak akan diumumkan di blog milik eCollegeFinder dan situs Language Magazine. Pemenang dan finalis akan berhak mendapat badge Top ESL Blogs Award sebagai simbol atas prestasi mereka. So, lupakan traktiran jika menang karena tidak ada hadiah berupa uang. :)

Top ESL Blog Award diberikan oleh eCollegeFinder yang bekerja-sama dengan Language Magazine untuk blog-blog ESL terbaik, yang diperuntukkan bagi mereka yang mengajar atau belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua, serta mereka yang sedang mengejar gelar TESOL. Blog-blog pemenang akan dijadikan sebagai referensi bagi para pembaca yang ingin memperluas pengalaman mengajar dan belajar mereka.

Naah, untuk itu, Mister Guru butuh bantuan para pembaca sekalian untuk ikut memberikan suara dan mendukung Mister Guru dalam voting ini. Jika berkenan, kunjungi http://blog.ecollegefinder.org/esl-blogs-award/ lalu pilih Mister Guru. Suara anda akan sangat membantu dan untuk itu, Mister Guru mengucapkan terima kasih.

1. Material Mapping For SMA (Class XII):

Competence Standard	Basic Competence
Mendengarkan: 1. Memahami makna dalam teks percakapan transaksional dan interpersonal resmi dan berlanjut dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari.	1.2. Merespon makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to get things done) dan interpersonal (bersosialisasi) resmi dan berlanjut (sustained) secara akurat, lancar, dan berterima yang menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan melibatkan tindak tutur: mengakui kesalahan, berjanji, menyalahkan, menuduh, mengungkapkan keingintahuan dan hasrat, dan menyatakan berbagai sikap
Berbicara: 3. Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks percakapan transaksional dan interpersonal resmi dan berlanjut (sustained) dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari.	3.2. Mengungkapkan makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to get things done) dan interpersonal (bersosialisasi) resmi dan berlanjut (sustained) dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan melibatkan tindak tutur: mengakui kesalahan, berjanji, menyalahkan, menuduh, mengungkapkan keingintahuan dan hasrat, dan menyatakan berbagai sikap

2. Material Mapping For SMK:

Competence Standard	Basic Competence
1. Berkomunikasi dengan Bahasa Inggris setara Level Novice (Communicate in English in novice level)	1.4. Menghasilkan tuturan sederhana yang cukup untuk fungsi-fungsi dasar (Producing simple sentences to convey basic language functions).

3. Key word:

Mengakui kesalahan (confessing), berjanji (promising), menyalahkan (blaming), menuduh (accusing), mengungkapkan keingintahuan dan hasrat (expressing curiosity & desire).

4. Material:

Asking About Feelings, Expressing Wonder / Curiosity, Asking and Stating Possibility

Asking About Feelings	Expressing Wonder / Curiosity
How do you feel about it? What do you have in mind? What are you thinking about? Do you have something on your mind? What are you looking so serious about? Is something bothering you? Are you worried about something?	I wonder what it really is. I was just wondering how to do it I wonder why he could do such thing to her I wonder if she likes studying here. That's amazing. How did you do that? How marvelous. How come? I wonder at her directness.

Asking About Possibility	Stating a Possibility
Is it possible to do it this way? Is there any possibility of repairing this machine? What possibility is there that they’re still alive? Is there any chance she will survive the disease? What will probably happen to the main character of this story?	It’s very likely (that ....) There’s a (big) chance. It’s possible (that ....) There’s a great possibility. It could be. Maybe / perhaps / probably. There could / might be a problem. It might be.

5. Exercise

Complete the following dialogs:

1. You and your friend have been waiting for more than ten minutes for the school bus to come. You start talking about possibilities that might happen to the bus.
   You: "Where’s the school bus? ...(wondering what has happened)...."
   Your friend: "I don’t know. ...(asking about a possibility)...?"
   You: "...(stating a possibility)..., or ...(expressing another possibility)...."
   Your friend: "...(stating a possibility)...."


2. You and your friend are going shopping at a supermarket. When you are going to pay for your things at the cashier, you cannot find your wallet.
   Cashier: "Thirty-six thousand Rupiahs, please."
   You: "Oh. Where’s my wallet?"
   Your friend: "What’s the matter? ...(asking about feelings / thoughts)...?"
   You: "I can’t find my wallet! ...(wondering where it is)...."
   Your friend: "...(asking about a possibility)...."
   You: "...(stating a possibility).... How embarrassing!"

Click HERE to do more exercise about expressions related to feelings, wonder / curiosity, & possibility.

reviously, in the post HOW TO EXPRESS ACCUSATION, BLAME, CONFESSION, APOLOGY, & PROMISE, we have learnt about some common expressions to make or state accusations, blame, confessions, apologies, & promises. Now, in this post, you will have the chance to measure your ability related to those expressions.

I. Match the sentences on the left with the best response on the right

My two-year-old sister dropped my mobile phone and broke it. A policeman fined me for not wearing a helmet yesterday. I was late because I ran out of gas on the way to school this morning. My teacher sent me out of the classroom this morning. The headmaster got me sign a letter of statement this morning. Linda was angry with me last night. She said she wouldn’t make friends with me anymore. The drama was a failure. I forgot a few but important lines and ruined the whole performance. My computer has been infected by a virus.

What did you expect? You shouldn’t have ridden without wearing a helmet. It was your own fault. You shouldn’t have been noisy in class. It serves you right. How many times do I have to tell you this? Never copy a file from an unreliable source. It was all because of you. I told you to practice and practice your lines but you just took it easy. I told you to check the tank regularly but you just wouldn’t listen. I told you not to let her play with it. You should have kept it in a safe place. You deserve it! You shouldn’t have sent her rude and impolite SMS. Perhaps that’ll teach you a lesson. You shouldn’t have broken the school rules many times.

II. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

1. Man: "My calculator doesn’t work. What have you done with it?"
   Woman: ".... I didn’t even touch it!"
   1. I was the one to blame
   2. I give you my word on it.
   3. You shouldn’t have done that.
   4. Are you accusing me?
   5. You are forgiven
2. In the above dialog, the man ... the woman.
   1. confessed to
   2. apologized
   3. blamed
   4. promised
   5. regretted
3. In the dialog, the woman ... the man’s accusation.
   1. made
   2. expressed
   3. accepted
   4. agreed
   5. denied
4. Man: "I got E for my mathematics test. I ... for not preparing myself."
   Woman: "I told you. You shouldn’t have played games too much."
   1. regret
   2. sorry
   3. promise
   4. confess
   5. blame
5. In the above dialog, the man made a/an ....
   1. promise
   2. confession
   3. apology
   4. denial
   5. excuse
6. In the dialog, the woman ... the man.
   1. confessed to
   2. apologized
   3. blamed
   4. promised
   5. regretted
7. Student: "I’m sorry, sir. I have broken the class window by accident and I must apologize for that. I honestly regret it, Sir."
   Teacher: ".... I do appreciate your honesty.
   1. I’m afraid that wasn’t true.
   2. It’s good you admitted that.
   3. Who’s to blame?
   4. I think you’re the only person who could have done it.
   5. Thanks for that.
8. In the above dialog, the student made a/an ....
   1. promise
   2. confession
   3. apology
   4. denial
   5. excuse
9. In the dialog, the teacher gave a/an ....
   1. promise
   2. confession
   3. apology
   4. denial
   5. excuse
10. Student: "I’m sorry, sir. I am late because the public minibus which I took had a flat."
    Teacher: "You are forgiven for now. But ...." Student: "All right, Sir. I promise I won’t be late again."
    1. Can I promise you not to be late again?
    2. Can we promise not to be late again?
    3. Will you promise not to be late again?
    4. I want to promise you not to be late again.
    5. Don’t blame me.
11. In the above dialog, the student made a/an ....
    1. promise
    2. agreement
    3. apology
    4. denial
    5. accusation
12. In the dialog, the teacher ... a promise.
    1. made
    2. expressed
    3. asked for
    4. agreed
    5. denied
13. Woman: "What have you done to my CD? It’s scratched."
    Man: "I’m sorry I dropped it just now. ...."
    1. It was my fault.
    2. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
    3. It will teach you a lesson.
    4. Don’t point your fingers at me.
    5. Don’t blame me.
14. In the above dialog, the woman made a/an ....
    1. promise
    2. agreement
    3. apology
    4. denial
    5. accusation
15. In the dialog, the man made a/an ....
    1. promise
    2. confession
    3. agreement
    4. denial
    5. accusation