Mister Guru

An English Conversation

Bagaimana bentuk Present Perfect Tense?

• I've been very busy.
• I've cleaned the house.
• I've done a lot of shopping.
• I've sewn some buttons on your shirts.
• I've made cake.
• I've prepared some food.
• I've asked her to come.
• You've forgotten!
• We've promised to go ....
• The mail has arrived.
• Tom Foster has rung me.
• She's/She has caught a very bad cold.
• I've rung Yati.
• I've explained to her.
• She's/She has made some other arrangements for this evening.
• She's/She has promised to come to dinner tomorrow evening.

Apa fungsi Present Perfect Tense?

• He has worked for two hours.
• They have worked since two hours ago.
• It has been my pet for 5 years.
• They have been here since yesterday.

1. Nina ...(be)... angry with me since yesterday.
2. I ...(not read)... these magazines.
3. Her mother ...(sick)... for a week.
4. ... his family ...(live)... in this town since two years ago?
5. The students ...(have)... a flag ceremony for half an hour.
6. Michael and I ...(study)... this lesson since four days ago.
7. My brother ...(work)... on the experiment for two months.
8. ... the teacher ...(explain)... this chapter?
9. The boy ...(not eat)... since last night.
10. Miss Anita ...(not be)... here since yesterday.

Romi: Would you mind helping me, Edo?
Edo: I'd be glad to, Romi. What do you want me to do?
Romi: Help me hang up this picture. Hold it straight while I put in the nail.
Edo: I'd be glad to.
Romi: Hand me the hammer. Give me one of those nails, too, please.
Edo: Here you are.
Romi: There. How does it look? Tell me if I have it straight.
Edo: Yes, it's straight, but it's upside down.

1. Answer these questions by referring to Dialogue 1
   
   1. Where does the dialogue probably take place?
   2. What does Ary want to do?
   3. What does Ary want Vera to do?
   4. What does Vera want Ary to do?
   5. Can Ary help her?
   6. What will probably happen after the dialogue?
2. Answer these questions by referring to Dialogue 2
   
   1. Where does the dialogue probably take place?
   2. What is Romi doing?
   3. What does Romi want Edo to do?
   4. What happens in the end?
   5. What will they probably do after the dialogue?
3. Change the following to questions used when we ask for someone's favor.
   1. I want you to get the broken printer repaired.
   2. I want you to turn the lights off.
   3. I want you to submit the proposal tomorrow morning.
   4. I want you to get the reports ready.
   5. I want you to help me lift this box.

Apa saja singkatan dalam bahasa Inggris yang perlu kita ketahui dan sering digunakan untuk percakapan melalui pesan? Berikut ini Mister Guru bagikan beberapa singkatan yang seringkali digunakan dalam berkirim pesan.

A. What is a Recount Text?

B. What is the structure of Recount Texts?

1. Orientation:
   Recount texts start by telling the reader who was involved, what happened, where this event took place and when it happened. This is called the orientation.
2. Sequence of events:
   The sequence of events is usually described in the order of time (chronological order).
3. Reorientation:
   There can be a reorientation at the end which summarizes the event.

C. How to write a Recount Text?

• Focus on individual people i.e. use the words, I or we
• Use the words which indicate when the events took place (e.g. after ..., before ...).
• Use the words which indicate where the events took place (e.g. at the beach, on the grass)
• Write in the past tense e.g. went, visited, took.
• Use action words e.g. made, walked, bought.

D. Read an example of recount text below.

Last Saturday I woke up early, but I didn’t get up because there was no school. Suddenly, my telephone rang. It was my friend Fanny. She asked me to go with her at 10.00 o clock. She wanted to buy something in traditional market.

Finally, we were out. On the street, I saw a piece of pink coupon. Attracted by its color, I took it. Then, Fanny and I read it. We were fully shocked. It was a receipt of a four nights tour to Lombok! The expiry date was that day. To our surprise, the name was Fanny Fenita and the birth date was exactly the same as hers. It was also valid for two persons. My God! We were thinking that maybe the coupon had fallen from the sky and now it was there for us.

We hurried to the address of the tour agency that issued the coupon. The tour agency took care of everything. We went home and still could not believe what was going on.

Two days later we were lying on the warm sand under the sun at Senggigi Beach. We had long public holiday, so we could enjoy the “gift” happily. We also bought some presents for our family and friends.

1. What will be the best title for the above text?
2. Please identify the orientation in the text.
3. Please list the past tense verbs used in the text in chronological order.
4. Is there a reorientation in the text? Which sentence/paragraph?
5. How many persons were involved in the above text?
6. Where did the events take place? Mention at least two places.
7. When did the events happen?
8. What does the word "gift" in the last paragraph mean?

F. Writing Practice

• Going to the ....(Beach, Museum, etc.)
• Visiting ....(My Uncle, the Zoo, etc.)
• A Day at the ....(Farm, Lake, Beach, etc.)
• My Unforgettable Experience in ....(Bali, Malang, etc.)
• Going ....(Shopping, Swimming, for a Picnic, etc.)

An English conversation

The form of Future Continuous Tense (shall/will be verb-ing)

• At 3 o’clock, Salim will be working in the garden.
• I’ll be working hard in the office all next week.
• At this time tomorrow, I’ll be watching a soccer match.
• Amat will be doing his homework all this evening.
• You won’t be working all day tomorrow, will you?
• What will you be doing in three weeks’ time?

The Use of Future Continuous tense

1. The future continuous tense is often used as an ordinary continuous tense, which indicates or predicts an action that will be happening at a certain time in the future. It is normally used with an adverb of time, and expresses an action or event which starts before that time and probably continues after it. Read the example below.
   

   "It is 10.00 a.m. now. The students are sitting in their classroom. They are studying. At 11.30, they will be having a break. At 2.00 pm, they will be sitting in their classroom again. Tomorrow is Saturday and there will be no class. This time tomorrow they will not be sitting in the classroom. They will be doing other things. Tito will be playing tennis. Erna will be shopping. Wisnu will be helping his parents in their shop."

2. The future continuous is used to express predictions and unintentional future/future without intention. It tells us about events at a future time, whether they are intentional or not. Read the example below:

   The students will be sitting in their classroom at this time tomorrow.
   (This does not imply that the students wish or have planned to sit in their classroom. It merely states that the action will happen as a routine or ordinary course of events.)

   The future continuous tense used in this way differs from the present continuous used for future arrangements.
   • The present continuous tense implies a definite and deliberate future action.
     I am meeting a new client tomorrow.
     (The first implies that the new client and/or the speaker has deliberately arranged the meeting.)
   • The future continuous tense usually implies or predicts an action which will occur in the normal course of events. It is therefore more casual than the present continuous.
     I'll be meeting a new client tomorrow.
     (It implies that the new client and the speaker will meet in the ordinary course of events.)
   However, with a definite time and for the near future, the difference is not very important and very often either tense can be used.
   • He'll be leaving tomorrow, or
     He is leaving tomorrow.
   • He won't be coming to the party, or
     He isn't coming to the party.
   With indefinite time or the remote future, the future continuous should be used.
   I'll be moving to another apartment (next month/next year/some time).
3. In second-person question-forms, the Future Continuous is used to make a polite question. It concerns future activities rather than future intentions. Pay attention to the examples below:
   1. Are you going to call them soon? (Direct question about intentions)
      Will you be calling them soon? (Pure question about future activities, by-passing the intentions themselves)
   2. Will you meet Anton? (Request)
      Will you be meeting Anton? (Pure question about future activities)

1. When you arrive they (still prepare) the meal.
2. She (see) him in a few minutes.
3. The leaves (fall) soon.
4. She says she (do) the washing tomorrow.
5. We (have) crab for supper.
6. You (go) to Surabaya again this week?
7. We (not have) dinner in thirty minutes.
8. You (learn) more about this tense after you do the exercise.
9. Hurry up! The train (leave) in a minute.
10. You are so absent-minded you (forget) your head next.

1. I'll write to you later.
2. He's coming home soon.
3. He is lecturing on the seventeenth-century poets next.
4. I shall see her tomorrow afternoon.
5. Are you going to use this spoon?
6. Will you come to the party?
7. When are you going to have the house painted?
8. Which school are you going to send him to?
9. You will make all the arrangements.
10. I will not do any business with them.

• Thomson & Martinet (1986). A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Allen W. Stannard (1989). Living English Structure. Hong Kong: Longman.
• Radio Australia, English for You. Victoria: The Dominion Press.

A. Dialogue 1

1. Please copy the sentence(s) expressing an invitation in the above dialogue.
2. Who has the idea of going to the beach?
   
3. What does she say to express her invitation?
   
4. Does the other speaker accept the invitation? What does she say?
   
5. How are they going to the beach?
   

B. Dialogue 2

1. Please copy the sentence(s) expressing an invitation in the above dialogue.
2. What does Jimmy offer Aldo to do?
3. Does Aldo agree to go?
4. What does Aldo say to respond to the invitation?
5. What is his excuse?
6. Do you think he refuses the invitation politely?

C. Dialogue 3

1. Please copy the sentence(s) expressing an invitation in the above dialogue.
2. What invitation does Alya make to Rita?
3. Does Rita accept it?
4. What does Rita say to respond to the invitation?
5. Where will will they meet? What time?

D. Role Play

1. Have lunch at the Mc Donald’s
2. Go shopping in the mall
3. Take a walk in the park
4. Go fishing
5. Go to the cinema

Active to Passive Voice Exercise

Exercise A.

1. This big temple (always admire) by tourists. - Present
   This big temple ... by tourists.
2. His left leg (hurt) in the accident. - Past
   His left leg ... in the accident.
3. The box (not open) for hundreds of years. - Present perfect
   The box ... for hundreds of years.
4. A big battle (fight) here in 1945. - Past
   A big battle ... here in 1945.
5. The road repair (complete) next year. - Future
   The road repair ... next year.
6. English (speak) all over the world. - Present
   English ... all over the world.
7. The answers must (write) on the answer sheet. - Infinitive
   The answers ... on the answer sheet.
8. The new office building (paint). - Present Continuous
   The new office building ....
9. The stolen motorcycle (find) in another town. - Present perfect
   The stolen motorcycle ... in another town.
10. He said that a new proof (find). - Past perfect
    He said that a new proof ....

Exercise B.

1. Our receptionists will guide the guests to the conference room.
   The guests ... to the conference room.
2. We have informed her about the registration date.
   She ... about the registration date.
3. They have invited my little brother to their daughter's birthday party.
   My little brother ... to their daughter's birthday party.
4. You should return this book in time.
   This book ... in time.
5. The police asked the witness several questions about the robbery.
   The witness ... several questions about the robbery.
6. They requested the stranger to leave the meeting.
   The stranger ... to leave the meeting.
7. They are still investigating reports of possible abuse.
   Reports of possible abuse ....
8. He had told us to be quick.
   We ... to be quick.
9. Someone has stolen my friends' mobile phone.
   My friend's mobile phone ....
10. My father promised me a new bicycle if I passed my examination.
    I ... a new bicycyle if I passed my examination.
11. As soon as we had received the confirmation, we canceled the renovation plan.
    As soon as ..., ....
12. After they had repaired the bridge, they reopened the road.
    After ..., ....
13. We do not allow students to leave the classroom during lessons.
    ... during lessons.
14. Visitors must park vehicles in the designated area.
    ....
15. We took these photographs after the ceremony.
    ....

For more resources on the Past Perfect tense, please read:

1. The difference between the Simple Past and the Past Perfect tense: Contrasting Past Tenses: The Simple Past VS The Past Perfect tense
2. English grammar exercise: Using the Past Perfect tense Exercise
3. Dialog and Explanation: Dialog Using the Past perfect tense to talk about Past Events

Exercise A: The Past Perfect tense

1. (Rina was doing her assignment from six o'clock till half past seven last night.)
   Answer: By a quarter to eight, Rina (finish) her assignment.
2. (Jim washed his car from nine till eleven o'clock. Tika arrived at half past eleven.)
   Answer: When Tika arrived, Jim (wash) his car.
3. (He graduated from university in 2016. His father retired in 2017.)
   Answer: When his father retired in 2017, he (graduate) from the university.
4. (The movie began at seven o'clock. We arrived at the cinema at ten minutes past seven.)
   Answer: When we arrived at the cinema, the movie (already begin).
5. (Ika typed the letter at half past eight. She finished it in twenty minutes. The manager called at nine o'clock.)
   Answer: By the time the manager called, Ika (type) the letter.
6. (The teacher explained the lesson. Then we understood it.)
   Answer: We understood the lesson after the teacher (explain) it.
7. (The train stopped. Then he got off.)
   Answer: He got off after the train (stop).
8. (I'm speaking to Maya. She has not finished her work.)
   Answer: When I spoke to Maya, she (not finish) her work.
9. (They repaired our motorcycle. We were able to continue our trip.)
   Answer: We were able to continue our trip after they (repair) our motorcycle.
10. (The guests left. Then I mowed the lawn.)
    Answer: I mowed the lawn as soon as the guests (leave).

Exercise B: Past Perfect Tense VS Simple Past Tense

In this exercise, you are to change the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect or the Simple Past tense. Please keep in mind that when we want to refer to an earlier event or a more past time (past in the past), the Past Perfect should be used. However, when the events are told in chronological order, the Simple Past can be used.

1. She (just go) out when I (call) at her house.
   Answer: ....
2. I (tell) them that I (never be) to that place before.
   Answer: ....
3. My little brother (eat) all the pie before we (get) back.
   Answer: ....
4. We (ask) them what countries they (visit).
   Answer: ....
5. The police (ask) the witness what (happen) to the victim the previous night.
   Answer: ....
6. His mother (worry) a lot about him before she (hear) that he was safe.
   Answer: ....
7. The house (be) much smaller than he (think) at first.
   Answer: ....
8. The archaeologist (say) that the glories of Tutankhamen (not at all be) exaggerated.
   Answer: ....
9. He (refuse) to admit that he (steal) his friends' mobile phone.
   Answer: ....
10. She (tell) her teacher that her mother (help) her with her homework.
    Answer: ....
11. As soon as we (receive) the confirmation, we (proceed) with our plans.
    Answer: ....
12. After the bridge (be) repaired, the road (be) reopened.
    Answer: ....
13. After she (graduate) from the university, she (move) back to her hometown.
    Answer: ....
14. After we (finish) our lunch, we (continue) our journey.
    Answer: ....
15. Before the teacher (come), we (finish) cleaning our classroom.
    Answer: ....

1. Membandingkan perbedaan Past Perfect dengan Simple Past tense: Contrasting Past Tenses: The Simple Past VS The Past Perfect Tense.
2. Latihan soal membedakan penggunaan Simple Past VS the Past Perfect tense: Exercise: Past Perfect Tense VS Simple Past Tense
3. Contoh dialog dan penjelasan penggunaan Past Perfect: Dialog Using the Past perfect tense to talk about Past Events

Latihan soal Past Perfect Tense

1. The students ...(finish)... the test before the bell rang.
2. The big old tree, which ...(stand)... there for hundreds of years, suddenly crashed to the ground.
3. After he ...(leave)..., she told me his name.
4. Peter, who ...(wait)... since three o'clock, was very angry with his sister when she eventually turned up.
5. He thanked me for what I ...(do)....
6. He ...(serve)... in the army for ten years; then he retired and married.
7. Before we ...(go)... very far, we found that we ...(loose)... our way.
8. I left my office after I ...(finish)... my work.
9. He died after he ...(be)... ill a long time.
10. ... (you-sign)... the letter before you sent it?
11. ...(he-clean)... the mess when you arrived?
12. ...(she-learn)... English before she went abroad?
13. She told me she ...(not meet)... him before.
14. The fire ...(not spread)... to the next house when the firemen arrived.
15. The train ...(not depart)... when we arrived at the station.
16. The politician declared that his party ...(always stand)... for social security.
17. We were surprised to hear that she ...(write)... five novels .
18. The wet grass told us that the rain ...(fall)... in the night.
19. He asked why she ...(not come)... to his sister's birthday party.
20. The news told us that a big flood ...(happen)... in the small town.

• Thomson & Martinet (1986). A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Allen W. Stannard (1989). Living English Structure. Hong Kong: Longman.
• Radio Australia, English for You. Victoria: The Dominion Press.