Mister Guru

resent continuous tense atau present progressive tense adalah salah satu bentuk waktu (tense) yang sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Present continuous tense berbeda dengan simple present tense, baik dalam penggunaannya maupun struktur dan bentuk kata kerjanya. Dalam materi kali ini, kita akan membahas struktur, bentuk, dan penggunaan present continuous tense secara lengkap, lalu diikuti dengan latihan soal untuk memastikan pemahaman kalian tentang present continuous tense.

I. Bagaimana struktur & bentuk Present Continuous tense?

Struktur dan bentuk Present Continuous tense adalah sbb:
Lihatlah contoh-contoh kalimat Present continuous tense di bawah ini:

Contoh kalimat positif dalam Present Continuous tense

Subject	auxiliary verb (be)	main verb (verb + ing)
I	am	working	with a laptop.
You	are	studying	English.
Ani	is	reading	a magazine.
The students	are	doing	a test.

Contoh kalimat tanya dalam Present Continuous tense

Auxiliary verb (be)	Subject	main verb (verb + ing)
Am	I	working	with a laptop?
Are	you	studying	English?
Is	Ani	reading	a magazine?
Are	the students	doing	a test?

Contoh kalimat negatif dalam Present Continuous tense

Subject	auxiliary verb (be) + not	main verb (verb + ing)
I	am not	working	with a laptop.
You	are not	studying	English.
Ani	is not	reading	a magazine.
The students	are not	doing	a test.

II. Bagaimana penggunaan Present Continuous Tense?

Present Continuous Tense digunakan untuk:

• Membicarakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung atau sedang dilakukan sekarang / pada saat ini juga, biasanya dengan keterangan waktu; now, at the moment, at present. Contoh:
  • You are studying how to use the present continuous tense.
  • Right now you are looking at this screen.
  • You are reading these example sentences.
• Membicarakan kegiatan di masa sekarang yang bersifat sementara, bukan merupakan kebiasaan dan tidak bersifat permanen, biasanya dengan keterangan waktu; at this time, temporarily, for the time being. Contoh:
  • The government is trying to stop the spread of Covid-19.
  • Experts are working hard to develop a vaccine for Covid-19.
  • He is living with his sister until he finds a boarding house.
• Membicarakan kegiatan yang sudah direncanakan / dipersiapkan dan akan segera dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang, dan harus disertai dengan keterangan waktu (adverbs of time), seperti; this evening, tomorrow, next week, in July, atau paling tidak waktu kegiatan sudah dipahami / diketahui. Contoh:
  • We are leaving at 8 this evening. We have booked the train tickets.
  • I am seeing my dentist tomorrow. We have made an appointment.
  • We are going to the beach this weekend.
• Digunakan dengan always, umumnya dalam kalimat positif, untuk membicarakan suatu kebiasaan, disengaja atau tidak disengaja, yang dianggap mengganggu dan menjengkelkan karena terjadi berulang kali. Contoh:
  • She is always asking me questions.
  • Rama is always complaining about his job.
  • Oh no. You are always losing your keys.
  Dalam penggunaan ini, always + present continuous tense berbeda dengan always + simple present tense yang membicarakan rutinitas biasa.

III. Bagaimana penulisan ejaan dalam Present Continuous tense?

Present Continuous tense disusun dengan menggunakan kata kerja bentuk "ing" (verb -ing), caranya dengan menambahkan akhiran "ing" pada kata kerja dasar. Ada beberapa aturan dalam pembentukan verb-ing, sebagai berikut:

• Tidak ada perubahan pada kata kerja dasar jika huruf terakhir berupa konsonan yang pengucapannya tidak mendapat penekanan.
  Contoh: walk > walking, work > working, stand > standing, blow > blowing, rain > raining, steer > steering, play > playing, open > opening, dll.
• Menggandakan huruf terakhir jika huruf terakhir berupa konsonan yang pengucapannya mendapat penekanan.
  Contoh: stop > stopping, run > running, begin > beginning, drop > dropping, bid > bidding, get > getting, dll.
• Jika kata kerja dasar berakhiran "ie", gantilah "ie" dengan "y".
  Contoh: lie > lying, die > dying, tie > tying, dll.
• Jika kata kerja dasar berakhiran dengan huruf vokal (vowel) "e", hilangkan "e".
  Contoh: come > coming, make > making, take > taking, choose > choosing, give > giving, write > writing, dll.

Task 1.

Ubahlah kata kerja berikut ini ke dalam bentuk "verb-ing".

Task 2.

Tambahkanlah "be" dan ubahlah kata kerja dalam kurung ke dalam bentuk "-ing" sehingga menjadi kalimat dalam bentuk Present Continuous tense yang benar. Lihat contoh pada nomer 1.

1. We (eat) in a restaurant tonight.
   Jawaban: We are eating in a restaurant tonight.
2. They (not work) tomorrow.
3. When ... you (start) your new job?
4. ... they (wait) for the bus?
5. Look! That man (climb) the coconut tree.
6. What ... you (do)?
7. Rinda (type) the letter now.
8. She (not use) the washing machine right now.
9. Hendra (learn) to drive.
10. My friends (come) to see me this evening.

Task 3.

Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan memberikan kata kerja yang sesuai dalam bentuk Present Continuous tense. Setiap kalimat bisa memiliki lebih dari 1 (satu) jawaban benar.

---

---

1. My grandma ... the flowers in our garden.
2. Tono and his brother ... a kite in the yard now.
3. The cat ... on the sofa.
4. My mother ... dinner in the kitchen.
5. Andi ... not ... music right now.
6. My father ... today's newspaper in the living room.
7. ... she ... TV at the moment?
8. The animals ... water from the pond.
9. ... you ... this bed sheet? It's expensive.
10. What ... they ... in the garage?

^{060711 0915PM 1408}

A. Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan bentuk Simple Past (verb 2) dari kata kerja yang sesuai.

---

---

1. He ... his childhood in a small village in East Java.
2. I ... a good movie last night.
3. We ... a very satisfying dinner last night.
4. Before moving here, we always ... an hour to work every day.
5. Lusi often ... tennis on weekends.
6. The Japanese teacher ... our class last semester.
7. She ... absent from school yesterday.
8. We ... to work until late last night in order to meet the deadline.
9. My Mom ... me a wonderful present on my last birthday.
10. He ... my dictionary a few days ago.

B. Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan mengubah kata kerja di dalam kurung ke dalam Simple Past tense. Lakukan perubahan susunan kalimat jika diperlukan.

Example:

1. My grandmother once (live) in Jember, East Java.
2. She (work) in a foreign company for 3 years.
3. They (buy) the car from a showroom last month.
4. She (go) to the movie last night?
5. I am sorry. I (not hear) the telephone.
6. When you (send) the email?
7. She (be) late because of the traffic jam.
8. On 17 August 1945, Soekarno and Hatta (proclaim) the independence of Indonesia.
9. They (not celebrate) the event because of Covid-19 outbreak.
10. You (enjoy) your holiday?

C. Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan mengubah kata kerja di dalam kurung ke dalam Simple Past tense. Pilihlah antara kalimat positif dan negatif sesuai dengan makna kalimat.

Example:

1. It was very crowded, so we ... the concert. (enjoy)
2. It was very cloudy this morning, so I ... my umbrella. (bring)
3. I was very tired, but I ... very well. The bed was uncomfortable. (sleep)
4. Atri ... to work yesterday because he was sick. (go)
5. I have submitted the documents they need. I ... it by email about an hour ago. (send)

Reference:

• Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989.
• Thomson and Martinet (1986). A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

^{BSESD Cls 3 081310 0751 AM 1273}

alam bahasa Inggris, irregular verb adalah kata kerja yang bentuk lampaunya (past tense) tidak dibentuk dengan cara biasa yaitu menambahkan akhiran -ed. Jadi untuk bentuk Past Simple (verb 2) dan Past Participle (verb 3), irregular verb tidak harus selalu berakhiran -d, -ed, atau -ied, karena itu disebut Irregular verb, atau kata kerja tidak beraturan.

Pengetahuan tentang irregular verb atau kata kerja tidak beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris sangatlah penting jika kita ingin mengikuti aturan tata bahasa Inggris secara benar terutama saat kita berbicara tentang masa lampau (past tense), menggunakan kalimat pasif (passive voice), atau kalimat conditional. Apalagi beberapa kata kerja bahasa Inggris yang paling sering digunakan kebetulan adalah irregular verbs, seperti; come, do, go, get, make, say, see, think, take, know.

Berikut ini daftar Irregular Verbs (kata kerja tak beraturan) dalam bahasa Inggris lengkap dengan artinya. Tautan (link) untuk mengunduh ada di bawah daftar ini.

Irregular Verbs (Kata Kerja Tidak Beraturan) dalam Bahasa Inggris

SIMPLE FORM (Verb 1)	SIMPLE PAST (Verb 2)	PAST PARTICIPLE (Verb 3)
abide	abode, abided	abode, abided	patuh, bertahan
arise	arose	arisen	timbul, muncul
awake	awoke	awaked, awoken	terbangun, sadar
be	was, were	been
bear	bore	borne	membawa
beat	beat	beaten	memukul, mengalahkan
become	became	become	menjadi
befall	befell	befallen	menimpa
beget	begot	begotten	melahirkan
begin	began	begun	memulai
behold	beheld	beheld	menatap
bend	bent	bent	menekuk
bereave	bereaved, bereft	bereaved, bereft	kehilangan
beseech	besought	besought	memohon
beset	beset	beset	menimpa
bet	bet, betted	bet, betted	bertaruh
bid	bade, bid	bidden, bid	menawar
bind	bound	bound	mengikat
bite	bit	bitten	menggigit
bleed	bled	bled	berdarah
blend	blended, blent	blended, blent	mencampur
blow	blew	blown	meniup
break	broke	broken	mematahkan
breed	bred	bred	membiakkan
bring	brought	brought	membawa
broadcast	broadcasted, broadcast	broadcasted, broadcast	menyiarkan
build	built	built	membangun
burn	burnt	burnt	membakar
burst	burst	burst	meledak
buy	bought	bought	membeli
cast	cast	cast	membuang
catch	caught	caught	menangkap
choose	chose	chosen	memilih
cleave	clove, cleft	cloven, cleft	membelah
cling	clung	clung	melekat
clothe	clothed, clad	clothed, clad	menutupi
come	came	come	datang
cost	cost	cost	seharga
creep	crept	crept	merayap
crow	crowed, crew	crowed	berkokok
cut	cut	cut	memotong
deal	dealt	dealt	berurusan
dig	dug	dug	menggali
dive	dived, dove (US)	dived	menyelam
do	did	done	mengerjakan
draw	drew	drawn	menggambar
dream	dreamed, dreamt	dreamed, dreamt	bermimpi
drink	drank	drunk	minum
drive	drove	driven	mengemudi
dwell	dwelt	dwelt	menetap
eat	ate	eaten	makan
fall	fell	fallen	jatuh
feed	fed	fed	memberi makan
feel	felt	felt	merasa
fight	fought	fought	bertarung
find	found	found	menemukan
flee	fled	fled	melarikan diri
fling	flung	flung	melemparkan
fly	flew	flown	terbang
forbear	forbore	forborne	menahan diri
forbid	forbad(e)	forbidden	melarang
forecast	forecast	forecast	memperkirakan
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	meramalkan
foretell	foretold	foretold	meramalkan
forsake	forsook	forsaken	mengabaikan
forget	forgot	forgotten	melupakan
forgive	forgave	forgiven	memaafkan
freeze	froze	frozen	membeku
get	got	got, gotten (US)	menjadi, mendapat
give	gave	given	memberi
go	went	gone	pergi
grind	ground	ground	menggiling
grow	grew	grown	tumbuh
hang	hanged, hung	hanged, hung	menggantung
have	had	had	mempunyai
hear	heard	heard	mendengar
heave	heaved, hove	heaved, hove	mengangkat beban berat
hide	hid	hidden	menyembunyikan
hit	hit	hit	memukul
hold	held	held	memegang, memeluk
hurt	hurt	hurt	menyakiti, sakit
inlay	inlaid	inlaid	menempelkan hiasan
keep	kept	kept	menjaga, tetap
knit	knitted, knit	knitted, knit	merajut
kneel	knelt	knelt	berlutut
know	knew	known	mengetahui
lay	laid	laid	meletakkan
lead	led	led	memimpin
lean	leaned, leant	leaned, leant	menyandarkan
leap	leaped, leapt	leaped, leapt	meloncat
learn	learned, learnt	learned, learnt	belajar
leave	left	left	meninggalkan
lend	lent	lent	meminjamkan
let	let	let	membiarkan
lie	lay	lain	berbaring
light	lighted, lit	lighted, lit	menyala
lose	lost	lost	kehilangan, kalah
make	made	made	membuat
mean	meant	meant	berarti
meet	met	met	bertemu
melt	melted	melted, molten	mencair
mistake	mistook	mistaken	salah
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood	salah paham
mow	mowed	mown, mowed (US)	memotong rumput
outbid	outbid	outbid	kalah menawar
overhear	overheard	overheard	menguping
oversleep	overslept	overslept	ketiduran
overtake	overtook	overtaken	menyalip
pay	paid	paid	membayar
prove	proved	proved, proven	membuktikan
put	put	put	meletakkan
quit	quitted, quit	quitted, quit	keluar
read	read	read	membaca
rend	rent	rent	menyewakan
rid	ridded, rid	ridded, rid	membersihkan
ride	rode	ridden	mengendarai
ring	rang	rung	berdering
rise	rose	risen	naik, terbit
run	ran	run	berlari
saw	sawed	sawed, sawn	menggergaji
say	said	said	mengatakan
see	saw	seen	melihat
seek	sought	sought	mencari
sell	sold	sold	menjual
send	sent	sent	mengirim
set	set	set	mengatur
sew	sewed	sewed, sewn	menjahit
shake	shook	shaken	mengocok
shed	shed	shed	mengucurkan
shine	shone	shone	bersinar
shoot	shot	shot	menembak
show	showed	showed, shown	menunjukkan
shrink	shrank, shrunk	shrunk, shrunken	menyusut
shut	shut	shut	menutup
sing	sang	sung	bernyanyi
sink	sank	sunk	tenggelam
sit	sat	sat	duduk
slay	slew	slain	membunuh
sleep	slept	slept	tidur
slide	slid	slid	bergeser
sling	slung	slung	menggantung
slink	slunk	slunk	mengendap-endap
slit	slit	slit	mengiris
smell	smelt	smelt	berbau, membaui
smite	smote	smitten	memukul keras
sow	sowed	sowed, sown	menanam benih
speak	spoke	spoken	berbicara
speed	sped	sped	mengebut
spell	spelled, spelt	spelled, spelt	mengeja
spend	spent	spent	membelanjakan
spill	spilled, spilt	spilled, spilt	menumpahkan
spin	spun	spun	memutar
spit	spat	spat	meludah
split	split	split	membelah
spoil	spoiled, spoilt	spoiled, spoilt	merusak
spread	spread	spread	menyebar(kan)
spring	sprang	sprung	melompat
stand	stood	stood	berdiri
stave	staved, stove	staved, stove	mendobrak
steal	stole	stolen	mencuri
stick	stuck	stuck	melekat(kan)
sting	stung	stung	menyengat
stink	tank, stunk	stunk	berbau busuk
stride	strode	stridden	melangkah tegap
strike	struck	struck, stricken	menghantam
string	strung	strung	merentangkan
strive	strove	striven	berjuang
swear	swore	sworn	bersumpah
sweep	swept	swept	menyapu
swell	swelled	swelled, swollen	membengkak
swim	swam	swum	berenang
swing	swung	swung	mengayun
take	took	taken	mengambil
teach	taught	taught	mengajar
tear	tore	torn	menyobek
tell	told	told	mengatakan
think	thought	thought	berpikir
thrive	thrived, throve	thrived, throve	berkembang, maju
throw	threw	thrown	melempar
thrust	thrust	thrust	menusuk
tread	trod	trodden	melangkah
understand	understood	understood	mengerti
undertake	undertook	undertaken	menjalani
undo	undid	undone	membatalkan
upset	upset	upset	mengecewakan
wake	woke	woken	membangunkan
wear	wore	worn	memakai
weave	wove	woven	menenun
weep	wept	wept	menangis
win	won	won	menang
wind	wound	wound	memutar
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	menarik mundur
withstand	withstood	withstood	bertahan
wring	wrung	wrung	memeras
write	wrote	written	menulis

Kata kerja tak beraturan (Irregular verb) yang anda cari tidak ditemukan? Unduh Daftar Irregular Verbs yang lebih lengkap beserta artinya melalui tautan di bawah ini. Reference:

• Hornby A. S. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974.
• Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989.

^{Th061710 1129PM 113}

Choose the best answer to the following questions.

1. Mr. Eka: What are you doing, Adi?
   Adi: I ... my school assignment, Dad.
   1. do
   2. did
   3. am doing
   4. am
2. Rama: Where does your father work?
   Tina: He works in an office. He is a ....
   1. lawyer
   2. blacksmith
   3. mechanic
   4. gardener
3. Yoni: ... bicycle is that?
   Tria: Oh, it is my brother's.
   1. What
   2. Who
   3. Which
   4. Whose
4. Click here if the picture doesn't appear
   
   Sam: Look at those people! What are they doing?
   Tami: They are .... They are reporting news items on the radio.
   1. singers
   2. entertainers
   3. broadcasters
   4. readers
5. Ulfa: What is your hobby?
   Edo: Photography. I like taking ... of people and nature.
   1. cameras
   2. pictures
   3. paintings
   4. drawings
6. Ria: ... a shopping center near your house?
   Ida: Yes, there is. There's a modern shopping center just a few blocks from us.
   1. There is
   2. Is there
   3. There are
   4. Are there
7. Ria: ... does the shopping in your family?
   Ida: My mother does. She does the grocery shopping on weekends.
   1. What
   2. How
   3. Whom
   4. Who
8. Akiko is Japanese. She ... from Japan.
   1. comes
   2. is coming
   3. come
   4. coming
9. Hanis: How did you go to Mount Bromo?
   Reza: We went there ....
   Click here if the picture doesn't appear
   
   1. with car
   2. on the car
   3. in the car
   4. by car
10. Fahri: Do you know Danau Toba?"
    Udin: Yes, it's a ... in Sumatra.
    1. hill
    2. lake
    3. river
    4. island
11. Heri: Is that your dictionary?
    Refa: No, that isn’t. It ... to Dewa, my brother.
    1. belong
    2. belonged
    3. belongs
    4. belonging
12. Yana: I'm so tired.
    Tita: You work very hard. You should ....
    1. take some medicine
    2. eat much
    3. take some rest
    4. do some sports
13. Kiki: What is your hobby, Yoko?
    Yoko: I like music. My hobby is playing the guitar.
    Kiki: ... do you practice music?
    Yoko: Usually twice a week.
    1. When
    2. How many
    3. How
    4. How often
14. Mom: Where's your little sister, Ika?
    Ika: She's playing with ... dolls in the living-room, Mom.
    1. its
    2. hers
    3. her
    4. his
15. Mia: ... I borrow your dictionary? I'm doing an English assignment.
    Yoyo: Please do. I'm not using it.
    1. Will
    2. Would
    3. May
    4. Must

The following text is for questions number 16 to 22.

Dody gets up at 5 0'clock every morning. He has breakfast at 6 o'clock, and he leaves for school at 6.30. He gets out of school at 3.30 in the afternoon. He gets home at about 4 o'clock every afternoon. He has dinner at 6 o'clock. He does his school assignment after dinner. After he does his assignment, he watches TV. He goes to bed at 9.30.

16. What is the text about?
    1. Dody's daily activities
    2. Dody's favorite activities
    3. Dody's hobbies
    4. Daily study schedule
17. What time does Dody go to school?
    1. Half past five
    2. Six o'clock
    3. Half past six
    4. Half past three
18. What time is Dody's school over?
    1. Half past six
    2. Half past two
    3. Half past three
    4. Half past four
19. What time does he arrive home?
    1. Half past three
    2. Four o'clock
    3. Half past four
    4. Six o'clock
20. What does he do at six p.m.?
    1. He does his assignment.
    2. He goes to bed.
    3. He watches TV.
    4. He has dinner.
21. Dody usually ... before he watches TV.
    1. does his assignment
    2. goes to bed
    3. makes the bed
    4. prepares dinner
22. From the text, we know that Dody's evening activities are ....
    1. having dinner, making the bed, doing school assignments
    2. preparing dinner, watching TV, doing school assignments
    3. having dinner, watching TV, doing school assignments
    4. having dinner, watching movies, doing school assignments

---

The following text is for questions number 23 to 28.

My name is Sonia. I live at Jalan Kenanga no. 433. My house is not too big but it is beautiful. I live with my parents and my brother.

In the living-room, there is a set of red sofa with six cushions. There is a vase of flowers on the table. You can see some pictures of our family on the wall.

There are three bedrooms in my house. My bedroom is my favorite place. I spend a lot of time studying and listening to music in my room. I sleep with my dolls, blanket, pillows and bolsters.

In the kitchen, there are many utensils for cooking. Kitchen is my mother’s favorite place. She spends most of her time here cooking delicious food. But don’t make it dirty, or she will be angry.

In the dining-room, there is a round dining table and four chairs around it. We always have meals there. There are some pictures of flowers and a clock on the wall.

23. What does the text talk about?
    1. Sonia's favorite places
    2. Sonia's family
    3. Sonia's house
    4. Sonia's home activities
24. How many rooms does Sonia mention in the text?
    1. Four
    2. Five
    3. Six
    4. Seven
25. Based on the text, we know that Sonia likes ....
    1. sleeping
    2. music
    3. cooking
    4. eating
26. Based on the text, we know that Sonia's mother likes ....
    1. kitchen utensils
    2. being angry
    3. eating
    4. cooking
27. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
    1. You can find pictures of flowers in the kitchen.
    2. There are utensils for cooking in the kitchen.
    3. There are pictures of our family in the living-room.
    4. Sonia's house has three bedrooms.
28. "But don’t make it dirty, ...." (paragraph 4)
    The underlined word "it" means ....
    1. delicious food
    2. Sonia's mother
    3. her time
    4. the kitchen

---

29. Rearrange the following words into the correct sentence.

    time	you	What	every day	to	do	school	go
    1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

    1. 3 - 1 - 6 - 2 - 8 - 5 - 7 - 4
    2. 3 - 7 - 6 - 2 - 8 - 5 - 4 - 1
    3. 3 - 6 - 2 - 8 - 5 - 7 - 4 - 1
    4. 3 - 1 - 6 - 2 - 8 - 4 - 5 - 7
30. Rearrange the following words into the correct sentence.

    because	must	home	is	study	Covid-19 outbreak	We	there	at
    1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9

    1. 7 - 2 - 5 - 6 - 1 - 8 - 4 - 9 - 2
    2. 6 - 4 - 9 - 3 - 1 - 7 - 2 - 5 - 8
    3. 7 - 2 - 5 - 9 - 3 - 1 - 8 - 4 - 6
    4. 7 - 5 - 9 - 3 - 1 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 6

^{BSESMK 052211 1253PM 2736}

long time ago, there lived a humble fisherman's family near a big river in South Kalimantan. They were very hard-working. Every day, they would go to the river to catch fish using a big rattan scoop called "tangguk" and sold the fish they had caught in a nearby market. Every time they went fishing to the river, they would leave their only son at home as he was still too young to be taken to the big river.

One day, as usual, the fisherman and his wife were fishing in the river. They had been fishing for hours but unfortunately, they were hardly able to catch any fish. Time and time again, they lifted the tangguk only to find to their disappointment that the tangguk was still empty. The fisherman sighed and almost gave up in despair, "What's happening? Where are the fish?" "If we don't catch enough fish, what should we eat?" said his wife. The fisherman didn't say anything but kept on working with the tangguk.

Suddenly, he felt his bucket was much heavier. "Aha!" He shouted with delight, feeling sure that he had caught a very big fish, and quickly lifted the trap out of the water. His heart jumped when he saw what was inside the scoop. It was a huge egg instead of a fish! "What on earth is it? An egg?" Feeling scared, he quickly put the tangguk back into the water to return the egg. However, every time he lifted the tangguk out of the water the egg was still there. It seemed that the egg didn’t want to leave the scoop. This happened several times until the fisherman and his wife decided to take the egg home.

Their boy was asleep when they arrived. "I'm hungry, but we caught nothing except the big egg." said the fisherman softly to his wife, not wanting to disturb the little boy's sleep. Having no fish to eat or sell, they decided to boil the egg they had found in the river. They both ate it and spared some for their son to eat when he woke up.

However, as soon as they had finished eating the egg, they felt something strange. Their skin became scaly and their body grew longer and longer. Now they realized that they had been cursed by the white dragon, an evil dragon living in the big river. But it was too late! They had turned into two big dragons!

When the boy woke up, he was very frightened of what he saw. Much to his horror, two big dragons were lying next to him. He screamed and cried for help, "Daaad ... help!" The two dragons soon tried to soothe him. They convinced him that they were his parents. They hugged their beloved son and told him how they turned into dragons. They reminded him not to eat the egg on the dining table as it was cursed by the white dragon. Whoever ate the white dragon's egg, they would change into a dragon.

They told their son that they had to find the white dragon and kill him to stop the curse. Before disappearing into the river, the two dragons told him that when he saw red blood on the surface of the river, it would mean that they had lost the fight, whereas white blood would be a sign of the white dragon's defeat. The sign would appear on a rainy day with an arch of a rainbow in the sky.

From then on, the boy would go to the riverbank every day, and sat there looking at the surface of the water for hours, worrying about his parents. And so it happened that, one day, after a slight rain on a sunny day and a rainbow appeared in the sky, he saw milky white blood on the surface of the water. It was the sign of the white dragon's defeat! Feeling certain that the two dragons had won the fight, he waited for them to return, but they never did. Nevertheless, he kept waiting patiently his entire life, by the river which the locals call "Lok Si Naga" or "Lok Lua", the River of the Dragons.

^{This narrative text is a folktale from South Kalimantan, retold in English by Mister Guru. Click the arrow sign on the left to learn more about narrative texts.}

What is a narrative text?
A narrative text is a genre of writing which aims to entertain its readers by telling a story with the text type that includes adventures, fairy tales, fantasies, historical fictions, mysteries, personal narratives, realistic fictions, and science fictions.

What is the purpose of a narrative text?
A narrative text serves the purpose of amusing, entertaining and dealing with actual or vicarious experience, or problematic events leading to a crisis or turning point which in turn often finds a resolution.

What is the generic structure of a narrative text like?
A narrative text mostly consists of:

• The orientation, which is a setting of the scene to introduce the participants, the time and place the story happened (who/what, when, and where).
• The complication, which talks about a crisis or problem(s) that occurred.
• The resolution, which mostly talks about how the crisis is resolved, for better or worse.
• The re-orientation (optional), which ends the story

What are the lexicogrammatical features of a narrative text?
A narrative text mostly;

• focuses on specific and usually individualized participants,
• uses verbs showing us what happened/happens,
• uses verbs of relational and mental processes,
• uses temporal conjunctions and circumstances.
• use verbs in past tense.

^{Su060610 1236 PM 230}

Jim:	Betty, something interesting happened this afternoon.
Betty:	This is such an interesting article in the paper, Jim.
Jim:	Now, Betty! There's something I want to tell you.
Betty:	Jim! You know I don't like being disturbed while I'm reading the paper.
Jim:	But Betty, Hadi has invited us to a party at the University!
Betty:	At the University! Why didn't you tell me?
Jim:	I've been trying to tell you, but you didn't want to be disturbed.
Betty:	Well, I want to be told all about it. Who invited us?
Jim:	Hadi phoned me this afternoon and invited us.
Betty:	What sort of party will it be?
Jim:	Hadi's professor is giving a farewell party for him. The professor told him that some of his best friends could be invited too.
Betty:	And Hadi thought of us! I'm very happy to be invited to the party. and I'm very proud of being included among Hadi's best friends!
Jim:	Well, I hope to be introduced to Hadi's professor. I've heard so much about him.
Betty:	Jim! What shall I wear?
Jim:	Oh, you have plenty of beautiful clothes. Of course, my best suit should be dry cleaned.
Betty:	Jim, your best suit needn't be dry cleaned. It looks quite all right. But I'll need a new dress for the party. I wouldn't like to be seen at the party in an old dress.
Jim:	Well, I know you like being invited to parties, and I know you enjoy being admired when you're wearing new clothes, but the expense must be thought of!
Betty:	Oh, the money for a new dress could be saved if you gave up smoking for a few weeks!
Jim:	Now, Betty, let's be sensible. You have that wonderful blue dress that you wore to Nancy's party. Hadi and Yati weren't at that party, so they haven't seen it yet. Nobody at Hadi's party will have seen that dress, so you'll be able to wear that.
Betty:	I suppose you're right, Jim. But I'll need a new bag - and some new shoes!

Answer the following questions.

1. What do the speakers mainly talk about?
2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
3. What is Betty doing?
4. What does Jim want to tell Betty?
5. Who will hold the party?
6. How does Betty feel to be invited?
7. What dress does Betty want to wear?
8. Does Jim agree with Betty? Why?
9. What does Jim think about his best suit?
10. Does Betty agree with Jim? Why?
11. What does Betty want at last?
12. Please copy all the passive voice sentences in the dialogue. You can refer to How to Change an Active Sentence to the Passive Voice.

^{BSESMKCls XII 070411 0928 PM 2380}

oth - and, Either - or, dan Neither - nor dalam bahasa Inggris adalah merupakan kata sambung berpasangan yang disebut "Paired Conjunction". Fungsinya adalah untuk menggabungkan dua kata benda, kata kerja, kata sifat, maupun kata keterangan demi efisiensi kalimat. Yang harus selalu diingat dalam penggabungan ini adalah struktur yang paralel, atau setingkat, misal kata benda harus digabungkan dengan kata benda, bukan dengan jenis kata lainnya. Selanjutnya, mari kita lihat penjelasan di bawah ini.

1. Both ... and

Both ... and ...memiliki makna 'one and the other' (kedua-duanya, baik yang ini maupun yang itu). Jika posisinya adalah subyek, both ... and ... membutuhkan kata kerja plural (jamak). Contoh:Both ... and ... bisa digunakan untuk memberi penekanan pada 2 (dua) kombinasi kata sifat (adjective), kata benda (noun), atau kata kerja (verb). Contoh:Tambahan:
Ada beberapa macam penggunaan both selain yang telah disebutkan di atas:

• Both bisa berdiri sendiri atau diikuti oleh kata benda (noun)
• Both bisa diikuti (of) + the/these/those atau possessives
• Both bisa diikuti of + us/you/them
• A personal pronoun + both is also possible

Contoh:

2. Either ... or

'Either ... or' digunakan dalam kalimat bermakna positif, yang berarti "one or the other, this or that, he or she" (salah satu dari dua, yang ini atau yang itu). Jika posisinya adalah subyek, kata kerja (verb) yang dibutuhkan bergantung pada subyek yang ada tepat di depan kata kerja. Contoh:Tambahan:
"Either" bisa berdiri sendiri maupun digunakan bersama kata benda (noun/pronoun), atau dengan "of + the/these/those". Dalam struktur demikian, either membutuhkan kata kerja tunggal (singular). Contoh:

3. Neither ... nor

'Neither ... nor' digunakan dengan kata kerja berbentuk positif, namun menjadikan kalimat bermakna negatif, yang berarti "not this one nor the other, not this nor that, not he nor she"" (bukan/tidak yang ini maupun yang itu, tidak kedua-duanya). Jika posisinya adalah subyek, kata kerja (verb) yang dibutuhkan bergantung pada subyek yang ada tepat di depan kata kerja. Contoh:Tambahan:
"Neither" bisa berdiri sendiri maupun digunakan bersama kata benda (noun/pronoun), atau dengan "of + the/these/those". Dalam struktur demikian, neither membutuhkan kata kerja tunggal (singular). Contoh:

4. Persamaan "Not either ... or" dengan "Neither ... nor"

"Not either ... or" bermakna sama dan bisa menggantikan "neither ... nor", kecuali jika sebagai subyek kalimat. Contoh:

Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan "Both ... and", "Either ... or", atau "Neither ... nor".

1. We really had a great time at the beach. The weather was ... warm ... sunny.
2. Our holiday was ruined. Almost all of the time, the weather was ... clear ... sunny.
3. We have to find another room because this room isn't ... large ... bright.
4. Experts are now working hard to find a cure for COVID-19. They are testing ... anti-viral medications ... vaccines.
5. ... the government ... the people were prepared for COVID-19 outbreak.
6. We don't know why he was absent yesterday. He didn't ... call ... send a message.
7. Choose whichever you like. You can have ... fried chicken ... fried duck.
8. I think you should help them. They need ... your help ... your advice.
9. I can't move ... this box ... that one by myself. They are too heavy.
10. The classroom is very dirty. ... the floor ... the tables have been cleaned for the whole week.
11. It's urgent. We need your immediate confirmation ... by email ... by fax.
12. To help stop the spread of germs, when you cough cover your mouth with ... a tissue ... your upper sleeve, not your hands.
13. She isn't at the office right now. She must be ... having lunch ... attending a meeting on the second floor.
14. ... Wina ... Vita showed up at the party. They said they had a very important meeting at their office.
15. He is a good teacher. ... his explanation ... his examples are clear and easy to understand.

^{BSESD-Cls 1 080810 0145 PM 655}

n many parts of the world, Coronavirus lockdown means all factories, markets, schools, and other public places are closed. On the other hand, lockdown means our beloved mother earth is healing itself.

As most of the public transports and industries are suspended, many cities in the world have recorded much lower levels of air pollution caused by vehicles and power plants. Lower air pollution means much to us and our planet. How is that so?

Learn more by watching this VOA's video, and test your understanding by answering the questions in the quiz below.

More quizzes here:

^{Video source: https://www.voanews.com/media/1977801/
Picture source: https://www.netclipart.com/pp/m/23-236444_changing-to-night-clipart-perched-climate-change-clip.png
082010 0609 PM 200}

ear English learners and students.

Have you ever heard the word "Social Distancing"? With this Covid-19 going around, the word "Social Distancing" is becoming more and more popular and I bet you have heard about it, too. Social distancing is exactly what the government has strongly urged us to do to slow down and even cut the spread of Covid-19. Schools, offices, shopping centers, and all other public places are closed and we are advised to stay at home.

To find out more about "Social Distancing", let's check out this video, and then test your understanding and your English vocabulary power by doing the quiz below. Let's see what score you can hit. Good luck.

^{English Olympiad for Intermediate 112312 1002PM 444}

Choose the best answer to each question.

1. Hana: Why should we eat nutritious food, Mom?
   Mother: Because our body needs it. it can make us ....
   1. sick
   2. tall
   3. fat
   4. healthy
2. Ria: Look at these keyholders! ..., the yellow or the red one?
   Lisa: Well, I like the red one.
   1. What do you like
   2. Which do you like
   3. What color is it
   4. Do you like the color
3. Shopkeeper: ...?
   Customer: Yes, I would like to buy a loaf of bread and a jar of jam.
   1. Hi, nice to meet you here.
   2. Thank you for shopping.
   3. How can I help you?
   4. Which one do you want?
4. Maya : Nice to meet you, Viko.
   Viko : ..., Maya.
   1. Yes, my name is Viko
   2. I want to meet you
   3. You’re nice too
   4. Nice to meet you too
5. We hold things with our ....
   1. legs
   2. arms
   3. elbows
   4. hands
6. Jaka: Look. The woman is helping the man cross the road.
   Tami: Yes, he can’t see. He is ....
   1. deaf
   2. bright
   3. dark
   4. blind
7. We smell things with our ....
   1. arms
   2. tongue
   3. ears
   4. nose
8. Jana : ... is the black jacket?
   Rio : It belongs to my father.
   1. Whose
   2. What
   3. What color
   4. Which
9. Uvi: How do you spell “desk”?
   Lea: ....
   1. di – i – es – kei
   2. di – i – si: – kei
   3. di – ei – es – kei
   4. di – ai – es – kei
10. We can taste food because we have ....
    1. a nose
    2. lips
    3. a tongue
    4. teeth
11. Susan: Where ... you from, Randi?
    Randi: I am from Mataram, Lombok.
    1. is
    2. are
    3. were
    4. do
12. We hear things with our ....
    1. ears
    2. hands
    3. eyes
    4. nose
13. Widya: Where were you born, Linda?
    Linda: I ... born in Surabaya.
    1. am
    2. was
    3. is
    4. do
14. Raka: How do you do?
    Irma: ....
    1. Yes, I am fine
    2. What about you?
    3. How do you do?
    4. Yes, thank you.

The text below is for questions 15 to 21.

Uncle Tomi is my father’s younger brother. He is about 40 years old. He has black straight hair. He is tall. He has black eyes and a sharp nose.

Uncle Tomi is a famous doctor in our town. He works at the local hospital. He helps sick people. He is very kind.

He is very fond of fish. He has a big aquarium with a lot of beautiful fish. He takes good care of them and feeds them every day. He always makes sure the aquarium is clean and healthy for the fish.

15. What is the text about?
    1. The writer's pet.
    2. The writer's uncle.
    3. The writer's hobby.
    4. The local hospital.
16. Who is Uncle Tomi?
    1. Bila's father.
    2. Salsa's uncle.
    3. My mother's brother.
    4. Aunt Andini's neighbor
17. Which paragraph talks about Uncle Tomi’s job?
    1. 1
    2. 2
    3. 3
    4. 1 and 2
18. How many children does Uncle Tomi have?
    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four
19. Which sentence is TRUE according to the above text?
    1. Salsa’s uncle is a doctor.
    2. Uncle Tomi likes vegetables.
    3. Uncle Tomi seldom eats vegetables.
    4. My uncle lives near a big hospital.
20. “He is a famous doctor in the city.” (paragraph 2)
    The synonym of the underlined word is ....
    1. the best
    2. clever
    3. kind
    4. well-known
21. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the above text?
    1. Uncle Tomi's education
    2. Uncle Tomi's hobby
    3. Uncle Tomi's appearance
    4. Uncle Tomi's profession

---

my	practice	with	I	Friday	friends	afternoon	dancing	on	usually
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

22. The best order to make a good sentence is ....
    1. 4 - 2 - 8 - 10 - 3 - 1 - 6 - 9 - 5 - 7
    2. 4 - 10 - 2 - 8 - 3 - 1 - 6 - 9 - 5 - 7
    3. 4 - 2 - 8 - 9 - 5 - 7 - 10 - 3 - 1 - 6
    4. 1 - 6 - 3 - 4 - 10 - 2 - 8 - 9 - 5 - 7
23. Eka: Mom, I want vegetables for lunch.
    Mom: All right, dear. Let's go to the ....
    1. baker's
    2. butcher's
    3. grocer's
    4. fishmonger's

The text below is for questions number 24 to 29.

My name is Rosalia. I am happy because my semester holiday is going to start tomorrow.

I feel especially happy because my parents are going to take me and my brother to the beach this weekend. They know that both of us love to play on the sand.

I'm sure that we will have fun at the beach. Andika, my brother, will probably fly a kite or play with my father. Both of them like playing football on the sand. My mother and I will not play with them because neither of us like playing kites or football. My mother and I will do the thing we like most when we are at the beach, - building sand castles!

That’s it. We are going to have much fun this weekend. And I can’t wait until the weekend comes! What about you? What are you going to do on your holiday?

24. The above text is mainly about ....
    1. The writer's hobby
    2. The writer's family
    3. The writer's last holiday
    4. Rosalia's plan for the holiday
25. Why does she feel happy?
    1. Because her parents love to play on the sand.
    2. She doesn't like playing football.
    3. Because her parents will take her to the beach.
    4. Because her parents will play football with her.
26. What can we conclude about Rosalia and her brother?
    1. Both of them study at the same school.
    2. They like different activities at the beach.
    3. They share the same hobbies with their parents.
    4. Both of them are about the same age.
27. Paragraph 3 (three) talks about ....
    1. their activities at the beach
    2. the beautiful sandy beach
    3. Andika's activities with his father
    4. how they will go to the beach
28. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
    1. They go to the beach every weekend.
    2. Rosalia's holiday will start next week.
    3. They will go to the beach in the afternoon.
    4. Rosalia and her mother don't like football.
29. "They know that both of us love to play on the sand." (paragraph 2)
    The underlined words refer to ....
    1. Rosalia and her brother
    2. Rosalia and her mother
    3. Both Rosalia's parents
    4. Rosalia's brother

Complete the text below for questions number 30 to 33.

Tina is my sister. She is a great cook. Her favorite hobby is ...(30).... She spends most of ...(31).... spare time in the kitchen. She always looks for new recipes and ...(32)... to practice them. I love it ...(33)... she usually asks me to taste her delicious cakes and cookies.

30. [...]
    1. cook
    2. cooks
    3. to cook
    4. cooking
31. [...]
    1. her
    2. his
    3. hers
    4. she
32. [...]
    1. try
    2. is trying
    3. tries
    4. to try
33. [...]
    1. but
    2. because
    3. so
    4. and
34. Click here if the picture doesn't appear
    
    Tania: Look at that sign! What does it mean, Dad?
    Mr. Zain: Oh, it is a warning for ....
    1. a steep road
    2. bad road condition
    3. drunk drivers
    4. a slippery road
35. Fani: What is your favorite fruit?
    Laila: Mangoes. but I don't like unripe ones.
    Fani: Why?
    Laila: Because they feel ....
    1. sour
    2. expensive
    3. sweet
    4. small

^{BSE SMK Kelas XI 061411 9:31 PM 2903}