Simple Present Tense: Bentuk, Penggunaan, & Latihan Soal

Mister Guru (Prastowo Ismanto)
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Simple Present tense, ada juga yang menyebutnya sebagai Present Simple tense, adalah bentuk kata kerja yang sangat sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris di samping Simple Past tense. Simple Present tense digunakan untuk membicarakan kejadian-kejadian yang terjadi sebagai rutinitas, fakta yang umum, sampai dengan kata kerja yang berkaitan dengan perasaan, panca indera, dll. Selengkapnya, mari kita pelajari semuanya di sini, baik tentang bentuk hingga penggunaan Simple Present tense.

Struktur dan Bentuk Kata Kerja dalam Simple Present Tense

Ada beberapa hal yang harus diingat tentang kalimat dengan bentuk Simple Present Tense, apakah itu kalimat dengan kata kerja utama (main verb) atau dengan kata kerja (verb) "be". Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat dalam tabel di bawah ini.

Simple Present dengan kata kerja biasa (action verb)

AffirmativeNegativeInterrogativeNegative interrogative
I workI do not work
I don't work
do I work?do I not work?
don't I work?
We workWe do not work
We don't work
Do we work?Do we not work?
Don't we work?
You workYou do not work
You don't work
Do you work?Do you not work?
Don't you work?
They workThey do not work
They don't work
Do they work?Do they not work?
Don't they work?
He worksHe does not work
He doesn't work
Does he work?Does he not work?
Doesn't he work?
She worksShe does not work
She doesn't work
Does she work?Does she not work?
Doesn't she work?
It worksIt does not work
It doesn't work
Does it work?Does it not work?
Doesn't it work?

Simple Present dengan kata kerja bantu (auxilliary verb) "be"

AffirmativeNegativeInterrogativeNegative interrogative
I am tallI am not tallAm I tall?Am I not tall?
We are tallWe are not tall
We aren't tall
Are we tall?Are we not tall?
Aren't we tall?
You are tallYou are not tall
You aren't tall
Are you tall?Are you not tall?
Aren't you tall?
They are tallThey are not tall
They aren't tall
Are they tall?Are they not tall?
Aren't they tall?
He is tallHe is not tall
He isn't tall
Is he tall?Is he not tall?
Isn't he tall?
She is tallShe is not tall
She isn't tall
Is she tall?Is she not tall?
Isn't she tall?
It is tallIt is not tall
It isn't tall
Is it tall?Is it not tall?
Isn't it tall?

Penggunaan Simple Present Tense

Penggunaan Simple Present tense yang paling utama adalah untuk membicarakan atau menceritakan maupun menanyakan hal-hal sebagai berikut.

A. Rutinitas atau Kebiasaan di Masa Sekarang

Dalam membicarakan rutinitas atau kebiasaan di masa sekarang, simple present tense seringkali digunakan bersama kata / frase keterangan (adverbs) seperti: always, never, occasionally, often, sometimes, usually, every day, every week, on Mondays, twice a year dll, atau dengan anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai keterangan waktu (time clause) biasanya didahului dengan "whenever" atau "when".

Contoh:
  • Ida practices English every day.
  • He doesn't smoke.
  • She works in a bank.
  • How often do you wash your hair?
  • Whenever it rains the roof leaks.
Kalimat-kalimat contoh di atas tidak membicarakan kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan, melainkan hal-hal yang terjadi setiap saat dan menjadi rutinitas / kebiasaan.

B. Fakta atau Fenomena Umum

Bentuk waktu ini juga sering digunakan untuk membicarakan fakta atau fenomena yang umum dan alamiah.

Contoh:
  • Cows eat grass.
  • The sun rises in the east.
  • A day consists of twenty four hours.
Kalimat-kalimat contoh di atas membicarakan hal-hal yang bersifat umum atau fakta yang diakui kebenarannya oleh semua orang.

C. Keadaan atau Kondisi Sekarang

Dengan kata kerja (verb) be, simple present tense juga dapat membicarakan keadaan sekarang, maupun kondisi umum.

Contoh:
  • Reza is not at home.
  • You are right.
  • I am happy.
  • Gold is expensive.
  • The ocean is deep.

D. Dengan Kata Kerja Penghubung & Penginderaan

Bentuk waktu Simple Present juga digunakan dalam membuat kalimat dengan kata kerja yang tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk continuous, yaitu:
  1. Kata kerja penghubung yang berkaitan dengan panca indera (linking verbs)

    Misal: feel, hear, see, smell, look, taste.
    Contoh:
    • This food tastes delicious.
    • You look gorgeous in that red dress.
    • Do you hear that noise?
  2. Kata kerja tentang perasaan,

    Misal: admire, adore, appreciate, care for, desire, detest, dislike, fear, hate, like, loathe, love, mind, respect, value, want, wish.
    Contoh:
    • I always admire Balinese dances.
    • Do you mind if I use your phone?
    • I don't want to be late for work on my first day at the office.
  3. Kata kerja tentang aktifitas mental,

    Misal: agree, appreciate, assume, believe, expect, feel, forget, know, mean, perceive, realize, recall, recognize, recollect, remember, suppose, think, trust, understand.
    Contoh:
    • I agree with you.
    • Do you know what I think about this food?
    • I don't understand what you mean.
  4. Kata kerja tentang kepemilikan,

    Misal: belong, owe, own, possess.
    Contoh:
    • How much do I owe you?
    • The book belongs to me. It's mine.
  5. Kata kerja yang berfungsi hampir sama dengan kata kerja bantu (auxilliary),

    Misal: appear, concern, consist, contain, hold (= contain) keep (= continue), matter, seem, signify, sound.
    Contoh:
    • It doesn't matter to me.
    • That box contains explosives.
Selain penggunaan yang paling umum di atas, simple present tense juga bisa digunakan dalam beberapa kondisi lainnya seperti:

E. Untuk Menjelaskan Rambu dan Tanda

Dengan kata kerja "say", bentuk waktu ini digunakan untuk bertanya atau mengutip buku, rambu / tanda. Contoh:
  • What does that notice say?
    It says, 'No parking.'
  • What does the manual say?
    It says, 'Follow every steps in assembling the parts.'
  • Soekarno says, 'Give me 10 young men, I will shake the world.'

F. Judul (Headline) Berita

DIgunakan pada judul surat kabar (headline).
Contoh:
  • COVID-19: INDONESIA EXPANDS BAN
  • GOVT REMOVES PRICE FLOOR FOR UNSUBSIDIZED FUELS

G. Narasi atau Komentar Siaran Olahraga

Dalam narasi drama, komentar olah raga, dll.
Contoh:
  • When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.

H. Jadwal Perjalanan

Untuk rencana / jadwal perjalanan.
Contoh:
  • We leave Surabaya at 7.00 next Tuesday and arrive in Mataram at 10.00. We spend a night in Mataram and leave for Gili Trawangan at 9.00 on Wednesday.

I. Conditional Sentence Type 1

Bentuk waktu ini juga digunakan dalam conditional sentence type 1.
Contoh:
  • If I see Udin I'll tell him.
  • If you pull the handbrake the car won't move.

J. Memberikan Saran

Dengan "why" dalam bentuk negative question untuk memberikan saran.
Contoh:
  • Why don't we go out?
  • Why don't you talk to him about the problem?
Simple Present Tense

Soal Latihan

I. Membuat Kalimat

Buatlah kalimat positif (affirmative), negatif, dan tanya (interrogative) dalam Simple Present Tense menggunakan subyek dan kata kerja yang telah disediakan (lihat tabel Simple Present dengan action verb). Jangan lupa menyertakan tanda baca (titik dan tanda tanya) yang sesuai.
  1. He - like - Padang food.


  2. They - work - in the factory.


  3. The bus - leave - at seven fifteen.


II. Melengkapi Kalimat

Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan kata kerja di bawah ini. Sesuaikan bentuk kata kerja dengan subyek kalimat. Lihat contoh jawaban pada nomer 1.
cause(s), close(s), earn(s), start(s), go(es), warn(s), live(s), speak(s), take(s), finish(es)

  1. Rani ... Japanese very well.
    Jawaban: Rani speaks Japanese very well.
  2. The museum at 4 o’clock on Sundays.
  3. The news program at five P.M. every day.
  4. Koko and Adi to the same school.
  5. The Olympic Games place every four years.
  6. My parents in a small town.
  7. They working at five PM every day.
  8. Bad driving many accidents.
  9. A notice at the end of the road people not to go any further.
  10. As soon as he any money he will spend it.

III. Mengubah Bentuk Kata Kerja

Ubahlah kata kerja (verb) di dalam kurung ke dalam bentuk yang benar. Lihat contoh jawaban pada nomer 1.
  1. Shella ... (not / drink)... coffee very often.
    Jawaban: Shella doesn’t drink coffee very often.
  2. What time here?
  3. I have a car, but I it much.
  4. Where from?
  5. ‘What ?’ ~ ‘I’m an electrician.’
  6. Look at this sentence. What ?
  7. David isn’t very fit. He any sport.
  8. It me an hour to get to work in the morning.
  9. football? ~ Yes, sometimes.
  10. at night? ~ Yes, but seldom.

IV. Menjodohkan (Matching Exercise)

Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan salah satu kata kerja di bawah ini. Bentuklah menjadi kalimat negatif jika perlu. Lihat contoh pada nomer 1 & 2.
believe - eat - flow - go - grow - sell - drive - make - tell - translate

  1. The earth ... round the sun.
    Jawaban: The earth goes round the sun.
  2. Rice ... in cold climates.
    Jawaban: Rice doesn’t grow in cold climates.
  3. Bees honey.
  4. Vegetarians meat.
  5. An atheist in God.
  6. An interpreter from one language into another.
  7. Liars are people who the truth.
  8. The River Amazon into the Atlantic Ocean.
  9. He is a taxi driver. He a bus.
  10. The restaurant is one of my favorites. It good food.

V. Memilih Frase yang Benar

Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan menggunakan kata-kata di bawah ini. Lihat contoh soal nomer 1.
I agree - I apologise - I insist - I promise - I recommend - I suggest

  1. Mr Evans is not in the office today. ... you try calling him tomorrow.
    Mr Evans is not in the office today. I suggest you try calling him tomorrow.
  2. I won’t tell anybody what you said. .
  3. You must let me enter the room. .
  4. for what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.
  5. The new restaurant in Baker Street is very good. it.
  6. I think you’re absolutely right. with you.

Reference:
  • Thomson & Martinet. A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • Murphy, Raymond. English Grammar in Use, Fourth Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
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