Cara Mengubah Kalimat Aktif (Active Voice) Menjadi Kalimat Pasif (Passive Voice) dalam Bahasa Inggris

Grammar Guide

Active to Passive Voice

With Interactive Exercise

Mister Guru

💡 Apa Itu Kalimat Pasif (Passive Voice)?

Dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat pasif (passive voice) digunakan ketika kita lebih menekankan pada tindakan atau hasil daripada pada siapa yang melakukan tindakan tersebut. Dengan kata lain, objek pada kalimat aktif berubah menjadi subjek pada kalimat pasif.

💬 Example:
Active: The company builds new houses.
Passive: New houses are built by the company.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, passive voice atau kalimat pasif sering digunakan, terutama dalam tulisan teknis, laporan ilmiah, atau berita — yaitu ketika kita lebih menekankan pada fakta, proses, tindakan atau hasil daripada pelakunya. Oleh karena itu, pelaku tindakan tidak begitu penting, atau tidak perlu disebutkan dalam kalimat pasif.

⚙️ Bagaimana menyusun kalimat pasif

• Passive voice dibentuk dengan “be” + past participle (V3).
• Bentuk “be” harus disesuaikan dengan tense dari kalimat aktifnya.
• Subjek pada kalimat aktif menjadi agen (agent) di kalimat pasif.
• Agen ini biasanya tidak disebutkan, kecuali jika penting, dan bila disebut harus didahului oleh “by”.

A. Bentuk Kata Kerja Aktif & Pasif

Lihatlah tabel berikut ini untuk mengetahui pasangan kata kerja aktif dengan bentuk pasifnya dalam berbagai bentuk waktu (tenses).

Tense/Verb Form	Kata Kerja Aktif	Kata Kerja Pasif
Simple Present	do / does	am / is / are done
Simple Past	did	was / were done
Present Continuous	am / is / are doing	am / is / are being done
Past Continuous	was / were doing	was / were being done
Present Perfect	have / has done	have / has been done
Past Perfect	had done	had been done
Future	will do	will be done
Conditional	would do	would be done
Perfect Conditional	would have done	would have been done
Present Infinitive	to do	to be done
Perfect Infinitive	to have done	to have been done
Present Participle / Gerund	doing	being done
Perfect Participle	having done	having been done

B. Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif

Lihat contoh-contoh active voice dengan padanan passive voice yang sesuai.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
We sell computers.	Computers are sold.
We keep the butter here.	The butter is kept here.
Babbage invented ‘The Analytical Engine’ in 1830.	‘The Analytical Engine’ was invented in 1830.
They broke the window.	The window was broken.
We will link the device to the central computer.	The device will be linked to the central computer.
People have seen tigers in the forest.	Tigers have been seen in the forest.
He has installed the programs.	The programs have been installed.
They are repairing the bridge.	The bridge is being repaired.
They were carrying the man off the field.	The man was being carried off the field.

🔮 Penggunaan Kalimat Pasif (Passive Voice) dalam Bahasa Inggris

Dalam bahasa Inggris, passive voice atau kalimat pasif tidak begitu saja digunakan tanpa alasan tertentu. Secara ringkas, gunakan passive voice jika:

1. Pelaku tidak penting atau tidak perlu disebutkan.
   The report was submitted yesterday.
   (Tidak perlu tahu siapa yang menyerahkan.)
2. Pelaku tidak diketahui.
   My wallet was stolen.
   (Kita tidak tahu siapa yang mencuri.)
3. Subjek aktif terlalu umum atau tidak tentu, misal people, one, they.
   The room is cleaned every morning.
   (bukan “People clean the room…”)
4. Untuk menghindari kalimat yang tidak rapi.
   ❌ When he arrived home a detective arrested him.
   ✅ When he arrived home he was arrested (by a detective).

Oleh karena itu, passive voice tidak selalu harus menyebutkan "by ...". Jika memang agen (pelaku) penting untuk disebutkan, lebih baik kita menggunakan kalimat aktif.

📋 Latihan Soal Passive Voice

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Latihan 1 – Isi Bagian yang Kosong

Bacalah teks di bawah ini dan isi setiap bagian yang kosong dengan bentuk pasif yang benar dari kata kerja dalam tanda kurung.

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All requests by the support team.

After being assessed, each request to the appropriate technical staff.

If an on-site visit , the user via phone, and a suitable time .

Most issues within one business day.

In cases of serious malfunctions, a temporary replacement can usually .

Latihan 2 – Ubah ke Kalimat Pasif

Ubah kalimat-kalimat berikut menjadi kalimat pasif. Jangan menyebutkan pelaku (agent), kecuali pada nomor 5.

1. You need a doctor's prescription to buy the medicine.
   
2. We use the hall only on special occasions.
   
3. They make these artificial flowers of used paper.
   
4. Someone has repaired the printer.
   
5. The mob broke the office windows in a recent strike.
   
6. People should return the books in time.
   
7. We will announce the decision soon.
   
8. They will deliver the goods tomorrow morning.
   
9. A thief had stolen his new bicycle.
   
10. They invited me to the party.
    

Originally published May 19, 2013 — Updated November 13, 2025.

^{05192013 07:01 AM - PV 15599}