ave you ever listened to a speech or read an article that not only explained a problem but also encouraged you to take action? That’s what we call a hortatory exposition. This type of text is often used in speeches, campaigns, or opinion articles because it presents an issue, gives reasons to support an opinion, and ends with a suggestion or recommendation. In short, it’s writing that doesn’t just inform—it also persuades and motivates people to act. It is a way to share opinions and encourage action through writing.
A. Social Function
To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case.B. Generic Structure:
- Thesis: announcement of issue concern.
- Arguments: reasons for concern, leading to recommendation.
- Recommendation: statement of what ought or ought not to happen.
C. Lexicogrammatical Features:
- Focus on generic human and non-human participants, except for speaker or writer referring to self.
- Use of:
- Mental Processes: to state what writer thinks or feels about issue, e.g. realize, feel, appreciate.
- Material Processes: to state what happens, e.g., is polluting, drive, travel, spend, should be treated.
- Relational Processes: to state what is or should be, e.g., doesn’t seem to have been, is - Use of simple present tense
D. Example Text:
Text 1
Sexual harassment in public spaces has become a serious problem that can happen to anyone, anywhere, and at any time. Unfortunately, many people still see it as something normal or even trivial. This mindset is dangerous and must be changed. Sexual harassment is not a joke—it is a violation of human dignity that must be stopped.
Arguments:Data shows how common sexual harassment is in everyday life. About 33% of cases occur on public roads, 19% in public transportation such as buses or terminals, and even 15% in schools and colleges—places that should be safe. These numbers prove that harassment is not limited to a particular place; it can happen everywhere.
The forms of harassment vary. The most common is verbal abuse, such as catcalling or inappropriate comments on a person’s body (60%). Others include physical harassment such as unwanted touching (24%), and visual harassment like indecent exposure or offensive gestures (15%). Each form, no matter how “small” it may seem, leaves victims with fear, trauma, and loss of self-confidence.
Real cases also show us the urgency of this issue. A high school student in Mojokerto became a victim on her way home when a man suddenly grabbed her and exposed himself. Other reports mention students harassed during study, women assaulted by strangers, and even cases committed by people the victims knew personally. Clearly, sexual harassment is not only committed by strangers but can also come from those closest to us.
Sadly, many people still hold harmful misconceptions. Some think catcalling or flirting is just fun and harmless. Worse, victims are often blamed for the way they dress or behave. This is wrong. Clothes or appearance do not justify harassment. Women—and men alike—have the right to feel safe, respected, and valued wherever they are.
Recommendation:So, what should we do? We must not remain silent. If harassment happens, victims must be supported, not blamed. As bystanders, if it is safe, we should speak up, help the victim, or record the incident as evidence and report it to the authorities. As a society, we must build awareness that sexual harassment is never acceptable.
In conclusion, sexual harassment in public spaces is a violation of human rights that destroys safety and dignity. Everyone—individuals, communities, and authorities—must work together to stop it. Once and for all, let us take a stand: say no to sexual harassment and protect the people we love.
Text 2
Endangered species are animals and plants that are at risk of extinction. The rapid loss of biodiversity is a significant issue caused by factors such as habitat destruction, climate change, and human activities like illegal hunting. We must take immediate action to protect endangered species because their survival is crucial for maintaining ecological balance, preserving natural heritage, and securing future generations' well-being.
Arguments:Firstly, protecting endangered species helps to maintain ecological balance. Every species plays a specific role in the ecosystem, whether as predators, prey, or pollinators. The loss of one species can disrupt food chains and cause entire ecosystems to collapse. For example, the extinction of predators can lead to overpopulation of prey, which then affects vegetation and other species. By preserving endangered species, we ensure that ecosystems remain healthy and function properly.
Secondly, endangered species are a vital part of our natural heritage. They contribute to the world's biological diversity, which enriches our planet. Many species have cultural, historical, and scientific importance, and their extinction would mean losing a part of our natural history. Protecting these species allows future generations to experience the beauty and diversity of life on Earth.
Finally, safeguarding endangered species can benefit humanity in unexpected ways. Many plants and animals have been sources of important medical discoveries. For example, certain plants are used to create life-saving medications. By protecting endangered species, we preserve the possibility of future scientific and medical advancements that could be vital to human health and well-being.
Recommendation:In conclusion, protecting endangered species is not only an ethical responsibility but also a necessity for the health of our planet and future generations. Governments, organizations, and individuals must work together to implement conservation efforts, establish protected areas, and raise awareness about the importance of preserving wildlife. If we do not act now, we may face irreversible consequences that affect both the environment and humanity. Let us take urgent steps to protect endangered species and preserve the Earth's biodiversity for generations to come.
The above example texts follow the hortatory exposition structure with a thesis section, supporting arguments, and recommendations that encourage the reader to take concrete action.
More about argumentative texts?
๐ All You Should Know about Discussion Text ๐ Analytical Expositions: Example Texts ๐ A Complete Guide to Analytical Exposition Texts
