Mister Guru

Sebelumnya, kita sudah belajar tentang adjective clause atau relative clause serta bagaimana menggabungkan kalimat dengan menggunakan adjective clause atau relative clause.

Sekarang, kita akan mempelajari "peringkasan" adjective clause menjadi adjective phrase agar kalimat kita menjadi lebih efisien. Seperti halnya adjective clause, adjective phrase adalah salah satu testing point dalam tes TOEFL®, TOEIC®, dan Ujian Akhir Nasional (UAN) SMA dan SMK.

What is an adjective phrase?

Adjective phrase adalah "penyusutan" dari adjective clause. Fungsinya masih sama, yaitu menerangkan tentang seseorang atau sesuatu. Tidak seperti adjective clause, adjective phrase tidak memiliki subyek dan kata kerja. Pada kalimat-kalimat berikut, bagian kalimat yang bergaris bawah adalah adjective phrase.

1. In 1920, the Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
2. Much of the prosperity of this region is due to a cigar factory established more than one hundred years ago.
3. In 1799, a soldier discovered a piece of stele (a stone pillar bearing an inscription) known as the Rosetta stone.
4. The giant redwood trees of California, called "sequoias", will further imprint Sequoia's name in history.
5. After writing many letters seeking employment in local factories, she was finally hired by a big garment manufacturer.

Can we reduce all adjective clauses into adjective phrases?

Hanya adjective clause dengan subyek "who", "which", "that" yang bisa diringkas menjadi adjective phrase.

How to reduce an adjective clause into an adjective phrase?

Ada dua cara meringkas adjective clause menjadi adjective phrase:

1. Subyek "who", "which", "that" dan verb be dihilangkan.
   

   Reducing Adjective Clauses into Adjective Phrases

   Adjective Clauses	Adjective Phrases
   The woman who is sitting next to our headmaster is the new supervisor.	The woman sitting next to our headmaster is the new supervisor.
   The test which was given to us this morning was quite easy.	The test given to us this morning was quite easy.
   She has just moved from Pasuruan, which is a town near Probolinggo.	She has just moved from Pasuruan, a town near Probolinggo.
   The apples which are on that plate look fresh and appealing.	The apples on that plate look fresh and appealing.

2. Jika tidak ada verb be, hilangkan "who", "which", atau "that", lalu ubah Verb menjadi bentuk -ing.
   

   Reducing Adjective Clauses into Adjective Phrases

   Adjective Clauses	Adjective Phrases
   The woman who sat next to our headmaster was the new supervisor.	The woman sitting next to our headmaster was the new supervisor.
   The TOEIC® test, which consists of 200 test items, takes approximately two hours.	The TOEIC® test, consisting of 200 test items, takes approximately two hours.
   A tapeworm is a parasite that lives in the intestines of humans and animals.	A tapeworm is a parasite living in the intestines of humans and animals.

Now, practice what you've just learnt. Reduce the adjective clauses in the following sentences into adjective phrases.

1. A thunderstorm is a form of weather which is characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere which is known as thunder.
2. The cloud type which is associated with the thunderstorm is the cumulonimbus.
3. Thunderstorms most frequently form and develop within areas that are located at mid-latitude when warm moist air collides with cooler air.
4. Thunderstorms, and the phenomena that occur along with them, pose great hazards to populations and landscapes.
5. Damage that results from thunderstorms is mainly inflicted by downburst winds, large hailstones, and flash flooding which is caused by heavy precipitation.
6. Mesoscale convective systems which are formed by favorable vertical wind shear within the tropics and subtropics are responsible for the development of hurricanes.
7. Dry thunderstorms can cause the outbreak of wildfires with the heat that is generated from the cloud-to-ground lightning that accompanies them.
8. The falling droplets create a downdraft of air that spreads out at the Earth's surface, which causes strong winds.
9. Thunderstorms which cause hail to fall are known as hailstorms.
10. Thunderstorms, which result from the rapid upward movement of warm and moist air, can be very disastrous.

References:

1. Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989, pg.257.
2. Pyle M.A. and Munoz M.E. . TOEFL® Preparation Guide (5th Ed). Lincoln: Cliffs Notes Inc., 1995.
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderstorm. Accessed Sept 25, 2011.

ateri tentang adjective clause atau relative clause adalah salah satu materi yang harus dikuasai dengan baik oleh siswa SMA, SMK, hingga mahasiswa perguruan tinggi. Selain dibutuhkan dalam penyusunan dan penulisan kalimat berbahasa Inggris yang efisien, adjective clause atau relative clause juga merupakan salah satu testing point yang selalu diujikan dalam test TOEFL, TOEIC, dan Ujian Akhir Nasional (UAN). Karena itu, setelah mengenal sekilas tentang adjective clause atau relative clause, sekarang kita akan mempelajarinya secara lebih terperinci lagi.

1. Adjective Clause Using Subject Pronouns: Who, Which, That

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Subject Pronouns: "Who", "Which", "That"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. He runs a successful business.	I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business. I will introduce you to a friend that runs a successful business.
The book is about religion. It has raised controversy.	The book which has raised controversy is about religion. The book that has raised controversy is about religion.

Notes:

• "Who", "which", atau "that" adalah subyek dalam adjective clause.
• "Who" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang.
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).

2. Adjective Clause Using Object Pronouns: Who(m), Which, That

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Object Pronouns: "Who(m)", "Which", "That"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. You have never met him before.	I will introduce you to a friend (who(m)) you have never met before. I will introduce you to a friend (that) you have never met before.
The book is about religion. I bought it in Gramedia bookstore last week.	The book (which) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion. The book (that) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
The song was very popular in 1990's. I am listening to it.	The song to which I am listening was very popular in 1990's. The song (which) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's. The song (that) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's.

Notes:

• "Whom" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang, umumnya digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris formal. Untuk bahasa Inggris informal dan percakapan, "who" lebih sering dipakai menggantikan "whom".
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).
• Pada bahasa Inggris percakapan (lisan), "who", "which", atau "that" seringkali dihilangkan.

3. Adjective Clause Using Whose

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Whose"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. His interest is learning English.	I will introduce you to a friend whose interest is learning English.
The old lady has a painting. Its value is inestimable.	The old lady has a painting whose value is inestimable.

Notes:

• Dalam adjective clause atau relative clause, "whose" digunakan untuk menunjukkan milik, menggantikan "his", "her", "its", atau "their".
• Sebagaimana "his", "her", "its", dan "their", "Whose" selalu diikuti kata benda.
• "Whose" tidak bisa dihilangkan.

4. Adjective Clause Using Where

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Where"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will take you to the restaurant. I usually have lunch there (at the restaurant).	I will take you to the restaurant where I usually have lunch. I will take you to the restaurant at which I usually have lunch. I will take you to the restaurant (which) I usually have lunch at.
The old lady has sold the house. She has lived there (in the house) for more than twenty years.	The old lady has sold the house where she has lived for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house in which she has lived for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house (which) she has lived in for more than twenty years.

Notes:

• "Where" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan tempat.
• Jika "where" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan tempat (seperti in, from, to, at, on, under, above) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition harus ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)

5. Adjective Clause Using When

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "When"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
We will never forget the day. My wife gave birth to my first son then (on that day).	We will never forget the day when my wife gave birth to my first son. We will never forget the day on which my wife gave birth to my first son. We will never forget the day (that) my wife gave birth to my first son.
August is the month. The weather gets very windy then (in August).	August is the month when the weather gets very windy. August is the month in which the weather gets very windy. August is the month (that) the weather gets very windy.

Notes:

• "When" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan waktu.
• Jika "when" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan waktu (seperti in, on, at) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)

Want to learn more about Adjective Clause?

• Untuk mengetahui apakah penulisan adjective clause harus menggunakan koma "," atau tidak, baca "Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)".
• Untuk mengetahui posisi adjective clause sebagai testing point dalam test TOEFL, baca Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point.
• Also read How to Reduce an Adjective Clause into an Adjective Phrase.

Reference:

1. Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989.
2. Thomson & Martinet. A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
3. Swan, M. Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.

* Updated Tues, Oct 2, 2012.

Perhatikan dua pasang kalimat berikut ini.

• The woman comes from Bandung. She lives next door.
• I bought a new book. The book was written by a famous author.

Kedua pasang kalimat di atas terasa tidak mengalir lancar dan efisien, karena pada tiap pasang kalimat terdapat kesamaan hal yang sedang dibicarakan, yaitu the woman / she dan a new book / the book, namun tidak "dimampatkan" dengan baik ke dalam satu kalimat. Untuk menghasilkan kalimat atau tulisan yang mengalir lancar, efisien dan terhindar dari pengulangan yang tidak perlu, kita bisa menggabungkan kedua kalimat di atas dengan mengubah kalimat kedua, yang berisi informasi tambahan tentang orang / hal yang dibicarakan pada kalimat pertama, menjadi adjective clause atau relative clause.

• The woman who lives next door comes from Bandung.
• I bought a new book which was written by a famous author.

What is an adjective clause or relative clause?

Bagian kalimat yang dicetak miring di sebut adjective clause atau relative clause. Adjective clause atau relative clause adalah klausa (anak kalimat) yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri dan merupakan bagian dari suatu kalimat induk (main clause). Adjective clause atau relative clause memberikan informasi tambahan tentang seseorang, suatu benda, tempat, atau waktu. Pada kalimat di atas, who lives next door memperjelas siapa yang sedang dibicarakan.

Jadi, fungsi dari adjective clause atau relative clause adalah:

1. Memperjelas atau mendefinisikan orang atau benda manakah yang sedang dibicarakan, tanpa membuat suatu kalimat baru.
2. Menghindari pengulangan kata yang tidak perlu. Remember, avoid repetition as much as possible.

Di sinilah letak pentingnya penggunaan adjective clause atau relative clause secara baik dan benar dalam membuat kalimat berbahasa Inggris yang efisien.

Perlu diketahui, adjective clause atau relative clause adalah salah satu testing point yang hampir selalu diujikan dalam setiap test TOEFL. (baca Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point)

Penulisan adjective clause atau relative clause dalam kalimat: Dengan koma atau tanpa koma?

Kadang kita bingung dalam menentukan apakah adjective clause atau relative clause harus dipisah dari kalimat induk dengan menggunakan koma atau tidak. Pahamilah aturan ini.

1. Jangan gunakan koma jika keberadaan adjective clause atau relative clause dalam kalimat dibutuhkan sebagai penjelas yang mendefinisikan orang / benda yang sedang dibicarakan. Inilah yang dalam istilah grammar disebut defining relative clause. Tanpa defining relative clause, hal yang dibicarakan dalam kalimat akan menjadi tidak jelas.
2. Gunakan koma jika keberadaan adjective clause atau relative clause dalam kalimat hanya sebagai informasi tambahan tentang seseorang / suatu hal. Inilah yang dalam istilah grammar disebut non-defining relative clause. Tanpa menggunakan non-defining relative clause-pun, hal / orang yang dibicarakan dalam kalimat sudah jelas.

Defining and Non-defining Relative Clause

Defining Relative Clause	Non-defining Relative Clause
The rhincodon typus is a species of shark which reaches approximately 12 metres (39 ft). I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business.	Sharks, which date from more than 420 million years ago, have diversified into 440 species. Mr. Lui, who has been our principal for two years, is a very energetic man.

Tips singkat membuat adjective clause atau relative clause

1. "Who" digunakan jika adjective clause atau relative clause membicarakan seseorang, bukan benda.
   • The doctor who is examining the patient is a heart specialist.
   • I am going to tell you a story about a man who risked his own life to help another..
2. "That" atau "which" digunakan jika adjective clause atau relative clause membicarakan benda, bukan seseorang.
   • The book that I borrowed from the local library two days ago was about the theories of learning.
   • My son enjoyed reading the storybook that I bought him last month.
3. "That" lebih umum digunakan daripada "which". Akan tetapi, non-defining relative clause hanya boleh menggunakan "which".
   • She lived in a house that / which overlooked the beach.
   • He told us about his new job, which he enjoyed very much. (‘that’ is not possible)
4. "Whose" digunakan untuk mengganti kata ganti milik "his", "her", "their".
   
   • A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. (her husband is dead)
   • Do you still remember the boy whose book you borrowed?
5. "Whom" digunakan untuk menggantikan kata ganti orang jika posisinya adalah sebagai obyek pada relative clause. Dalam bahasa Inggris lisan, "whom" seringkali digantikan oleh "who", "that", atau dihilangkan sama sekali.
   • Do you know the man (whom) we met in the hotel lobby this morning?
   • The student (whom) the teacher sent out was caught cheating during a test.
6. "Where" digunakan jika relative clause membicarakan suatu tempat.
   • The house where we lived before moving here was quite old.
   • The beach where human skeletons were found is closed for public.
7. "When" digunakan jika relative clause membicarakan waktu.
   • Do you still remember the day when we first met?
   • September is the month when mango trees start to bear fruit.

Exercise: Combine the sentences using adjective clause or relative clause

1. The village has changed a lot. I grew up there.
2. I ran into an old friend on Facebook. I haven't seen her for twenty years.
3. The movie was boring. I saw it last week.
4. I am reading a blog post. It talks about adjective clauses.
5. The man is my teacher. He wrote the article.
6. Saturday is the day. We are going to have a picnic to the beach on that day.
7. We visited a farmer. His house is at the foot of a mountain.
8. I will explain my absence to my teacher. I missed his class.
9. The foreigner came from UK. I had conversation with him on a bus.
10. The TV program was good. I watched it last night.

Untuk mempelajari adjective clause atau relative clause secara lebih terperinci, baca Adjective Clause.

Untuk mengetahui posisi adjective clause atau relative clause sebagai testing point dalam test TOEFL, baca Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point.
Reference:

1. Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989.
2. Thomson & Martinet. A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
3. Swan, M. Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Idioms and Expressions With "Get"

Idiom	Meaning	Example
Get a bang / charge / kick out of	To receive great pleasure from someone or something; enjoy greatly	I get a bang out of my new video game. It's really fun.
Get (someone's) drift	To understand what someone has said or implied	Can you explain it again, please? I don't get your drift.
Get a fix on	To understand something	Listen well and you will get a fix on it.
Get a grip (on yourself)	To control your emotions and remain calm	As a teacher, you have to get a grip on yourself.
Get a grip / handle (on something)	To understand how to deal with something	With his experience, I'm sure he will always get a grip on any possible problem.
Get a life	To have fun; to do something different	When we are bored, we often spend an evening out and get a life.
Get a life!	Find something more important / interesting to do or say!	How could you say that stupid thing? Get a life!
Get a line on	To get information about someone or do something	You need to read the manual and get a line on how to solve the problem.
Get a load off one's mind	To relieve one's mind of a problem or a worry	I was relieved. The good news got the load off my mind.
Get a load of someone or something	To get a good look at someone or something (that is very surprising or attractive)	Get a load of Alya. I can hardly recognize her in that dress.
Get a toehold	To get a position to begin an activity or effort	It took the business approximately 2 years to get a toehold in our city.
Get away with	To escape the consequences of (a blameworthy act)	Don't be silly. No one can get away with crimes.
To get down on someone	To criticize someone	During the meeting, she got down on me about the plan.
Get down to something / business / work	To start doing something seriously	Stop talking. It's time to get down to work.
Get face	To be taken seriously	It's usual that young people seldom get face.
Get in one's face	To annoy or provoke someone	Don't get in my face. I have work to do.
Get in one's hair	To annoy someone, especially by being near them for a long period	With the kids getting in my hair, I wasn't able to finish the proposal.
To get in on the act	To become involved in something interesting	It's time for you to get in on the act. Do your best.
Get / go into a huddle	To form a group away from other people to discuss something secretly	There's no need to get into a huddle. We'd better talk to the boss about it.
Get in the swing of things	to become more social and up-to-date.	It seemed difficult for him to get in the swing of things since his wife passed away.
Get into (off on) something	To enjoy something greatly	My son seems to get off on his new computer game.
Get just deserts / lumps	To get what one deserves	If you treat others badly, you'll get your just deserts.
Get knotted! / Get lost!	Something you say when you feel annoyed and want someone to go away	You have really got on my face. Now, get lost!
Get nose out of joint	to resent that one has been slighted, neglected, or insulted.	Cheer up. Don't get your nose out of joint easily. He didn't mean that.
Get off one's case	to stop criticizing and annoying someone	Get off my case! Don't you have another thing to do?
Get (down) off one's high horse	to become humble; to be less haughty.	He is the kind of a leader who always gets off his high horse.
Get on soapbox	To express strong opinions, especially about something boring	Somehow I often miss those times when my father would start getting on his soapbox about teenagers.
Get out with life	To survive a serious incident or accident	The crash was fatal, but I was lucky enough to get out with my life.
Get one's teeth into	To start to do something (with dedication)	You need to get your teeth into it or you won't finish on time.
Get one's goat	To annoy or bother someone	Tini was sent out. I think she really got our teacher's goat.
Get sea legs	To get used to a new situation	It always takes time for a shy girl like her to get sea legs.
Get short shrift	To get little attention	It's usual that schools in rural areas get short shrift from the government.
Get the goods on someone	To get incriminating evidence against someone	She won't get away with it once I get the goods on her.
Get some weight off feet	To sit down	I'm tired of standing. I wish we had a place to get some weight off our feet.
Get the axe	To lose a job; to stop working	When he got the axe, he didn't give up and started his own business.
Get the hang of	To succeed in learning how to do something after practising it	How long did it take you to get the hang of driving?
Get the kinks out	To be chosen	She was lucky to get the nod and have a chance to go abroad.
Get the nod	To be chosen	She was lucky to get the nod and have a chance to go abroad.
Get under skin	To annoy or irritate someone	Boy students are often annoying, but don't let them get under your skin

Reference: The Free Dictionary - Idioms

alam tes TOEFL®, testing point adalah bahasan materi tertentu dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang diujikan pada soal TOEFL®. Meskipun soal atau pertanyaan selalu berbeda pada setiap tes TOEFL®, testing point tetap tidak berubah dan selalu berkisar pada hal yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan yang diujikan pada tes TOEFL® sebelumnya.

Karena itu, memahami testing point yang paling sering diujikan dalam tes TOEFL® merupakan salah satu tips dan strategi yang sangat bagus untuk memperoleh nilai TOEFL® yang memuaskan. Dengan memahami testing point, kita bisa mengatur dan mengelola waktu belajar kita dalam mempersiapkan diri menghadapi berbagai macam soal atau pertanyaan yang muncul dalam tes TOEFL®. Belajar sebagai persiapan tes TOEFL® dengan cara mencoba memahami testing point dalam sebuah soal akan sangat membantu kita dalam mengerjakan tes TOEFL® yang sesungguhnya, ketimbang sekedar menjawab soal demi soal tanpa memahami testing point dalam soal tersebut.

Ada berbagai macam testing point yang terdapat dalam setiap bagian tes TOEFL®. Bahkan seringkali pula, ada beberapa atau lebih dari satu testing point dalam satu soal atau pertanyaan. Testing point bisa berkisar tentang struktur tata bahasa (grammatical structure), kosa kata umum (common vocabulary word), idiom, intonasi bahasa, atau pertanyaan tertentu pada bagian membaca (reading) atau mendengarkan (listening).

Lebih lengkapnya, berikut ini testing point yang sering diujikan dalam tes TOEFL®.

LISTENING SECTION

Part A: Short Conversations

1. Vocabulary word
2. Idiom / phrasal verb
3. Verb
4. Order / sequence
5. Comparison
6. Intonation
7. Similar sounds

Part B: Long Conversations and Talks

1. Main idea
2. Restatement
3. Inference
4. Classification (khusus Computer Based TOEFL®)
5. Choose two correct answers (khusus Computer Based TOEFL®)

STRUCTURE SECTION

Part 1: Sentence Completion

1. Noun phrase
2. Word order
3. Subject + verb
4. Verb / verb phrase
5. Adjective phrase / Adjective clause
6. Conjunction
7. Parallel construction
8. Adverb phrase / clause
9. Comparison
10. Infinitive / gerund
11. Preposition / prepositional phrase
12. Superlative
13. Negative
14. Conditional
15. Pronoun

Part 2: Error Identification

1. Word form
2. Verb form
3. Pronoun
4. Parallel construction
5. Singular / plural pronoun
6. Mistaken words
7. Unnecessary word
8. Omitted word
9. Preposition
10. Reversed words
11. Conjunction
12. Infinitive / gerund
13. Comparative
14. Superlative
15. Article

READING SECTION

Topik bacaan reading comprehension yang paling umum dalam tes TOEFL®

1. General science, natural history, human physiology
2. North American history, government, geography
3. Art, literature, and music
4. Biographies of famous people

Jenis pertanyaan reading comprehension yang paling umum dalam tes TOEFL®

1. Main idea
2. Inference
3. Restatement
4. Vocabulary
5. Negative question
6. Referent
7. Author's attitude / opinion / purpose
8. Preceding / following topic
9. Sentence insertion (khusus Computer Based TOEFL®)
10. Paragraph focus
11. Line focus

Selamat belajar. Good luck with your TOEFL® test. Reference:
Sullivan PN, Brenner GA, Zhong GYQ. Master The TOEFL® (7th ED). NJ, Thomson Peterson's, 2004.

Idioms and Expressions with "Have"

IDIOM	MEANING	EXAMPLE
Have a big mouth	To be a gossiper; to be a person who tells secrets.	She has a big mouth. She told her friends about the meeting.
Have a card up sleeve	To have an advantage that other people do not know about.	Having a card up his sleeve, he remained calm and waited for the right time to speak.
Have a bee in bonnet	To talk a lot about something thought to be important.	Martin has a bee in his bonnet about recycling. She has a bee in her bonnet that a new system must be adopted.
Have a bone to pick with (someone)	To have a disagreement to discuss with someone; to have something to argue about with someone.	I've got a bone to pick with you. Where is the money you owe me?
Have a brush with (something)	To have a brief contact with something; to have an experience with something.	She had a close brush with the law. She was nearly arrested for speeding.
Have a chip on shoulder	To blame other people for something bad and to continue to be angry about it.	Even though he went to university, he's always had a chip on his shoulder about his poor upbringing.
Have a close call (Have a close shave)	To be close to danger; To have a narrow escape from something dangerous.	I almost got struck by a speeding car. It was a close call. He also had a close call yesterday and was almost in a car accident.
Have a familiar ring	[for a story or an explanation] To sound familiar; you've heard it before.	The story has a familiar ring. I've heard it many times before.
Have a tiger (bear) by the tail	To be associated with something powerful and potentially dangerous; to have a very difficult problem to solve.	We've had a tiger by the tail ever since we signed the loan agreement.
Have a good head on shoulders	To have common sense; to be sensible and intelligent.	I always have a good head on my shoulders. Don't worry about me.
Have a green thumb	To be good at gardening; To have the ability to grow plants well.	My daughter has a green thumb. Look at our garden.
Have a heart	To be compassionate or generous and forgiving with people.	Let's hope she has a heart and forgive you.
Have a heart of gold	To be generous, sincere, and friendly.	Many people have a heart of gold. They are always willing to help others.
Have a heart of stone	To be cold, unresponsive, unforgiving, and unfriendly.	Don't annoy her. She has a heart of stone.
Have an ax to grind	To complain about something.	May I talk to you? I have an ax to grind.
Have an in with someone	To have special access to someone ( at work).	He had an in with the manager so he could get a promotion quickly.
Have a one-track mind	To think entirely about one subject.	She has a one-track mind. She can only talk about jewelry.
Have a soft spot in heart	To have a fondness for someone, something, or an animal.	He owns several aquariums. He's got a soft spot in his heart for fish.
Have a sweet tooth	To desire to eat many sweet foods-especially candy and pastries.	You should watch your weight, especially because you have a sweet tooth.
Have clean hands	To be without guilt, guiltless.	The police took him in, but let him go after questioning because he had clean hands.
Have egg on face	To be embarrassed by something one has done. (As if one went out in public with a dirty face.)	I was completely wrong, and now I have egg on my face.
Have eyes in the back of head	To seem to be able to sense what is going on behind or outside of one's field of vision.	The students believed their teacher had eyes in the back his head.
Have mixed feelings	To be both pleased and not pleased about something at the same time.	He seemed to have mixed feelings about leaving. He enjoyed staying with us but he had to go.
Have money to burn	To have a lot of money and spend large amounts on things that are not necessary.	When it comes to Lebaran days, people seem to have money to burn.
Have hands tied	To be prevented from doing something.	He can't help. He has his hands tied by his boss.
Have head in the clouds	To not pay attention, be unaware of what is going on from fantasies or daydreams.	During lessons, you should not have your head in the clouds.
Have tail between legs	To be frightened or afraid of doing something.	He seemed to lack courage. He went away with his tail between his legs and didn't tell her that she'd been wrong.
Have other fish to fry	To have other opportunities; to have more important things to do.	Please make it short. I have other fish to fry.
Have in hands	To have the responsibility for someone or something.	I'm sorry I won't be able to come. I have many things in my hands.
have the Midas touch	To have the ability to be successful, especially the ability to make money easily.	The girl seems to have the Midas touch. She can get new clients easily.
Have the presence of mind to do	To have the calmness and ability to act sensibly in an emergency or difficult situation.	She had the presence of mind to hold on the rope tightly.
Have stardust in eyes	To be uncritically or unrealistically optimistic.	The Commander seemed to have stardust in his eyes and decided to continue the attack.
Have one foot in the grave	To be almost dead.	The Commander seemed to have stardust in his eyes and decided to continue the attack.

I. Apakah TOEIC® Test?
Sejak kira-kira tahun 2004-2005, dunia pendidikan SMK seolah mendapat orientasi baru dalam mempersiapkan lulusan SMK yang berbobot dan sanggup bersaing di percaturan dunia kerja global, khususnya di bidang pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Kemampuan berbahasa Inggris lulusan SMK mulai diukur dengan menggunakan TOEIC® sebagai sebuah standar kriteria baru. Belakangan, dunia perguruan tinggi, yang selama ini hanya akrab dengan TOEFL, juga mulai memperkenalkan TOEIC® untuk mempersiapkan mahasiswa memasuki dunia kerja.

TOEIC® adalah singkatan dari Test of English For International Communication. TOEIC® dikembangkan oleh Educational Testing Service (ETS) yang bermarkas di Princeton, New Jersey. ETS adalah sebuah organisasi non-profit yang menyelenggarakan tes-tes seperti TOEFL dan GRE. TOEIC® dirancang secara khusus sebagai tes untuk mengukur kecakapan berbahasa Inggris dalam konteks dunia kerja internasional. Sejak tahun 1979, TOEIC® telah menjadi standar penilaian kemampuan berbahasa Inggris para pekerja yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing. Sekarang, lebih dari 1,5 juta tes TOEIC® diselenggarakan di berbagai penjuru dunia setiap tahunnya.

Materi tes TOEIC® dipersiapkan oleh para spesialis bahasa. Sedangkan panduan isi dan spesifikasi tes diatur oleh TOEIC® Committee of Examiners. Seluruh isi, pertanyaan/soal, spesifikasi, dan tes akhir dikaji untuk memastikan kelayakan isi tes TOEIC® dan menghindari adanya bias kultural dan ras, sesuai dengan prosedur ETS yang berlaku.

II. Bagaimanakah format TOEIC® Test?
Tes TOEIC® adalah tes tulis yang menggunakan kertas dan pensil dan terdiri dari 200 soal pilihan ganda yang terbagi menjadi 2 (dua) bagian (section), yaitu Listening Comprehension dan Reading. Setiap bagian memiliki alokasi waktu yang terpisah. Listening Comprehension selama 45 menit, dan Reading selama 75 menit.

1. Listening Comprehension Section
   Listening Comprehension section adalah bagian pertama dalam tes TOEIC®, yang mengukur kemampuan memahami bahasa Inggris lisan sebagaimana yang digunakan di Amerika Utara. Materi dan pertanyaan (soal) direkam sesuai dengan standar Bahasa Inggris Amerika Utara, sedangkan pilihan jawaban tercetak di lembar tes. Listening Comprehension section terdiri dari 100 soal dengan menggunakan kaset audio. Ada 4 (empat) bagian dalam Listening Comprehension section:
   
   • Part I: Photographs - 20 soal - 4 pilihan jawaban.
   • Part II: Question-Response - 30 soal - 3 pilihan jawaban.
   • Part III: Short Conversations - 30 soal - 4 pilihan jawaban.
   • Part IV: Short Talks - 20 soal - 4 pilihan jawaban.
2. Reading Section
   Reading section adalah bagian kedua dalam tes TOEIC®, terdiri dari 100 soal yang tercetak di lembar soal tes. Pada Reading section, peserta tes TOEIC® harus mencoba memahami berbagai macam bacaan atau teks sesuai dengan kemampuan dan kecepatan mereka. Reading section memiliki alokasi waktu 75 menit, dan terbagi ke dalam bagian-bagian sebagai berikut:
   
   • Part V: Incomplete Sentences - 40 soal - 4 pilihan jawaban.
   • Part VI: Error Recognition - 20 soal - 4 pilihan jawaban.
   • Part VII: Reading Comprehension - 40 soal - 4 pilihan jawaban.

III. Apa isi TOEIC® Test?
Sesuai dengan peruntukan tes TOEIC® yang dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dunia kerja, maka soal tes TOEIC® dikembangkan dari bahasa lisan dan tertulis dari berbagai negara di seluruh dunia dimana bahasa Inggris dipakai di tempat kerja. Soal tes TOEIC® meliputi berbagai macam suasana dan situasi tempat kerja, seperti:

• General business - kontrak, perjanjian, pemasaran, penjualan, perencanaan bisnis, konferensi.
• Manufacturing - manajemen pabrik, lini perakitan, kendali mutu.
• Finance and budgeting - perbankan, penanaman modal, perpajakan, akunting, penagihan.
• Corporate development - penelitian, pengembangan produk.
• Offices - pertemuan, komite, surat-menyurat, memorandum, telefon, faks, pesan e-mail, peralatan dan perabotan kantor, prosedur perkantoran.
• Personnel - penerimaan pegawai, penugasan, pensiun, gaji, promosi, lamaran kerja, periklanan.
• Purchasing - pembelanjaan, pemesanan, pengiriman, penagihan.
• Technical areas - elektronik, teknologi, spesifikasi, perawatan mesin, penyewaan, layanan listrik dan gas.
• Travel - kereta api, pesawat terbang, taksi, bus, kapal, feri, tiket, jadwal, pengumuman stasiun dan lapangan terbang, penyewaan mobil, hotel, reservasi, keterlambatan dan penundaan.
• Dining out - makan siang bisnis dan informal, banquets, resepsi, reservasi restoran.
• Entertainment- bioskop, theater, musik, seni, media.
• Health- asuransi kesehatan, mengunjungi dokter, dokter gigi, klinik, rumah sakit.

Meskipun bahasa dalam tes TOEIC® berkisar pada konteks dunia kerja, peserta tes TOEIC® tidak diharuskan mengetahui kosa-kata bisnis maupun pengetahuan teknis yang khusus untuk dapat mengerjakan tes TOEIC® dengan baik. Test TOEIC® cocok digunakan di semua lingkungan di mana bahasa Inggris digunakan sebagai bahasa kedua/bahasa asing.

Type of Test: Matching Vocabulary Test
Subject: Computer Vocabulary
No. of Test Items: 15 (Fifteen)
Directions: How Much Do You Know About Computer?" Match each word on the left column to the correct definition on the right. Good luck.

English for Computer Students

Name	Description
Computer	A semiconductor device used to build the hardware of a computer
Hardware	The part of a visual display unit (VDU) on which the program, data, and graphics may be seen
Input Device	A device which transmits or displays processed data, e.g. a printer, disk drive, or VDU screen
Microchip	A list of instructions used by the computer to perform user’s requirements
Program	A device that allows data to be passed into the computer
Mouse	An automatic electronic medium to store, collect and process data
Central Processing Unit	Information that has been prepared for a specific purpose
Data	A memory device consisting of a flat disk covered with a magnetic coating on which information is stored
Monitor	A system of interconnected components or circuits
Output Device	Main component of a computer, that executes individual program instructions and controls the operation of other parts
Extension	A device moved by hand used to point at a location on a computer screen
Network	The computer equipment and its peripherals (the physical components of a computer system)
Menu	A worldwide network of computer networks using the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange
Disk	A string of characters beginning with a period and followed by one or more letters which is a part of a computer filename
Internet	A list of options available to a computer user