Mister Guru

n this post, we are going to do some exercises on contrasting the Simple Past with the Present Perfect tense. To learn about the differences between the Simple Past and the Present Perfect tense, read "Contrasting The Simple Past VS The Present Perfect Simple".

To learn more about both tenses separately, read "Simple Past Tense: Bentuk, Penggunaan, dan Latihan Soal" and "Present Perfect Tense: Bentuk, Penggunaan, dan Latihan Soal".

A. Use the words in brackets to answer the questions.

Example:
Man: "Has the package arrived?"
Woman: "Yes, ...(a few hours ago)...."
Answer: "Yes, it arrived a few hours ago."

1. Man: "Have you seen Bob?"
   Woman: "Yes, ...(a few minutes ago)...."
2. Woman: "Have you started your new job?"
   Man: "Yes, ...(last week)...."
3. Man: "Have you had lunch?"
   Woman: "Yes, ...(an hour ago)...."
4. Man: "Have you submitted the report?"
   Woman: "...(yesterday)...."
5. Man: "Have they contacted you?"
   Woman: "...(on Monday)...."

B. Right or wrong? Correct the underlined verbs if they are wrong.

Example:

• I've lost my key. I can't find it.
  Answer: RIGHT
• Have you seen Bob yesterday?
  Answer: WRONG: Did you see Bob yesterday?

1. I've finished my work at 2 o'clock.
2. I'm ready now. I've finished my work at 2 o'clock.
3. What time have you finished your work?
4. Sue isn't here. She's gone out.
5. Jim's grandfather has died in 2009.
6. Where have you been last night?
7. I have started my carreer as a teacher in 2002.
8. I have worked as a teacher for more than 20 years.
9. Laila left a few minutes ago.
10. The letter hasn't arrived yesterday.

C. Put the verbs in the simple past or present perfect.

Example:

• I ...(lose)... my key. I can't find it.
  Answer: I've lost my key. I can't find it.
• We ...(not have)... a holiday last year.
  Answer: We didn't have a holiday last year.

1. My friend is a writer. He ...(write)... many books.
2. I ...(play)... tennis yesterday afternoon.
3. What time ...(you/go)... to bed last night?
4. ...(you/ever/meet)... a famous person?
5. The weather ...(not/be)... very good yesterday.
6. My hair is wet. I ...(just wash)... it.
7. I ...(wash)... my hair before breakfast this morning.
8. Kathy travels a lot. She ...(visit)... many countries.
9. Sonia isn't here. She ...(not/come)... yet.
10. We ...(live)... in Malang for two years but now we live in Jember.
11. Man: "Have you ever been to Bali?"
    Woman: "Yes, we ...(go)... there on holiday last year.
12. Man: "Where's Tika?"
    Woman: "I don't know. I ...(not see)... her.
13. Lia works in an office. She ...(work)... there for almost two years.
14. I ...(meet)... your sister at a party last week. She's very nice.
15. I ...(wait)... here since seven o'clock and she ...(not come)... yet.
16. I ...(look)... at this picture for five minutes, but I can't see you in it.
17. COVID-19 outbreak ...(start)... in early 2020.
18. Since then, the government ...(take)... various measures to stop the spread of the virus.
19. The World Health Organization ...(declare)... COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020.
20. ...(you/see)... a good movie lately?

Want to practice more? Try to do another exercise on contrasting the Simple Past with the Present Perfect tense HERE.

fter studying the difference between "some" and "any" and how to use them HERE, do the following exercises.

A. Fill in the blanks with "some" or "any".

1. I bought ... cheese but I didn't buy ... bread.
2. I am going to the shop. We need ... sugar.
3. There aren't ... shops in this part of town.
4. Rio and Hannah haven't got ... children.
5. Have you got ... brothers or sisters?
6. There are ... beautiful flowers in the garden.
7. Do you know ... good hotels in Malang?
8. Would you like ... tea? I've just made ....
9. When we were on holiday, we visited ... very interesting places.
10. Don't buy ... rice. We don't need ....
11. I went out to buy ... milk but they didn't have ... in the shop.
12. I'm thirsty. Can I have ... water, please?
13. Can you give ... information about places of interests in the town?
14. I was too tired to do ... work.
15. Man: "Have you seen ... good films recently?"
    Woman: "No, I haven't been to the cinema for ages."

B. Complete the sentences with "some" or "any" + one of these words.

1. I want to wash my hair. Is there ...?
2. We have received ... from buyers complaining about the product.
3. I haven't got my camera, so I can't take ....
4. Do you speak ... foreign ...?
5. Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant with ... of mine.
6. Can I have ... in my coffee, please?
7. The flashlight isn't working. There aren't ... in it.
8. It's hot in this office. I'm going out for ... fresh ....
9. Man: "Would you like ...?"
   Woman: "No, thank you. I've had enough to eat."
10. I can do this job alone. I don't need ....

C. Complete the sentences. Use "some" or "any" and the correct form of the verb in the brackets. Number 1 and 2 has been done as an example.

1. Ann didn't take any photographs but I took some. (I/take)
2. Man: "Where's your luggage?"
   Woman: "Oh, I haven't got any/I don't have any." (I/not/have)
3. Woman: "This coffee is too bitter for me. Can I have some sugar?"
   Man: "Yes, ... in the kitchen. (we/have)
4. Man: "Do you need any money?"
   Woman: "No, thank you. .... (I/have)
5. Man: "Can you lend me some money?"
   Woman: "I'm sorry but .... (I/not/have)
6. The tomatoes in the shop didn't look very good so ....(I/not/buy)
7. There were some nice oranges in the shop so .... (I/buy)

Study and review how to use "some" and "any" and the differences HERE Reference:

Murphy, Raymond Essential Grammar In Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Prev: How to Educate ESL Students, Tue 04232013 0755PM PV 397

n this post, you are going to learn how to use "some" and "any" quantifiers and how they are different. Read the dialogue below in which there are sentences with "some" and "any" quantifiers. Pay close attention to how "some" and "any" are used.

A. Example Dialogue

Raka is visiting Hadi and his mother, Mrs. Wira, after school. Here's their conversation:

Mrs. Wira:	Do you have any homework today, Hadi?
Hadi:	Oh, I forget. But I think we don't have any homework today. I'm glad. I don't like homework.
Mrs. Wira:	I know you don't like it, but - are you sure you don't have any homework?
Raka:	I think we have some homework, Hadi. Yes! We must write an English exercise!
Hadi:	Oh, Raka!
Raka:	Look - this is the exercise.
Hadi:	Yes. I remember now.
Mrs. Wira:	Well, you'd better start your homework now.
Hadi:	Yes .... Oh, I don't have any paper.
Mrs. Wira:	Here's some paper. Do you have a pen?
Hadi:	Yes. Oh, my pen is out of ink, and I don't have any spare pens.
Mrs. Wira:	Oh, dear! Raka, do you have a spare pen?
Raka:	Yes, Mrs. Wira.
Mrs. Wira:	Good. Please lend it to Hadi.
Raka:	Here you are, Hadi.
Hadi:	Thank you.
Mrs. Wira:	Now, Hadi, you have some paper and a pen. Now you can write that exercise.
Hadi:	There! That's finished now.
Mrs. Wira:	Let me see it, Hadi. Hmmm, you have some mistakes here, I think.
Hadi:	Do I? Where?
Mrs. Wira:	Look at this sentence. That isn't correct. Can you improve it?
Hadi:	Oh, yes! I remember the correct words now. I must change that sentence.
Mrs. Wira:	Let me see your exercise, Raka.
Raka:	Oh, Mrs. Wira, I think I have some mistakes too.
Mrs. Wira:	No, no, Raka. This is very good. You don't have any mistakes in this exercise.
Hadi:	Raka usually doesn't make any mistakes. But I always make some. Please look at this sentence again, Mom. Is it correct now?
Mrs. Wira:	Yes, I think so, Hadi. I don't see any mistakes now.
Hadi:	Good!
Mrs. Wira:	Well, would you like something to drink now?
Hadi and Raka:	Yes,please.
Mrs. Wira:	Good. Let's have some lemonade. .... Oh, I don't have any lemonade, but we can have some tea!

B. Explanation

1. "Some" is used in positive sentences. Examples:
   I'm going to buy some books.
   There's some ice in the fridge.
   We did some exercises.
2. "Any" is used in negative sentences. Examples:
   I'm not going to buy any books.
   There isn't any ice in the fridge.
   We didn't do any exercises.
3. Most questions (but not all) use "any". Examples:
   Is there any ice in the fridge?
   Do you have any money?
   Why didn't you do any exercises?
4. When we make offers or requests, we normally use "some", not "any". Examples:
   Would you like some ice cream?
   Can I have some coffee, please?
   Can you lend me some money?
5. We can use "some" and "any" without a noun. Examples:
   I didn't take any photographs, but Ann took some. (=some photographs)
   I've just made some coffee. Would you like some? (=some coffee)
   We don't have any sugar. I'm going to buy some this afternoon. (=some sugar)

To check your understanding about the difference between "some" and "any", proceed to the exercise page HERE.

reviously in our earlier post, we have learned about all types of Conditional sentences, i.e. type 0, 1, 2, 3, and mixed conditionals, including their usage or functions, examples, and exercises as well.

In this post, we are going to focus and take a closer look at Conditional sentence type 0 and type 1.

Conditional sentence type 0

Structure:

Usage / function:

• Conditional sentences in "If / when ...(Simple Present)..., ...(Simple Present)..." can be used to express general truths / facts. (see examples a and b below)
• Conditional sentences in "If / when ...(Simple Present)..., ...(Imperative)...." can be used to express suggestions, instructions, or commands. (see examples c and d below)

Examples

1. If the moon passes between the sun and Earth, a solar eclipse happens.
2. If we heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
3. If you arrive at the station, call me.
4. If you want to turn on the device, press this button.

Conditional sentence type 1

Structure:

Usage / function:

Conditional sentences in "If / when ...(Simple Present)..., ...(Simple Future / Modals)..." can be used to express;

• reminders (see examples a and b below)
• suggestions (see examples c and d below)

.

Examples

1. If you eat too much, you will get a stomachache.
2. If you don't shut that window, we will die of cold.
3. If we want to see the sunrise, we will have to leave very early.
4. If you want to buy that car, you should provide a bigger garage.

A. Match the sentences on the left with the ones on the right. Number 1 has been done for you as an example.

If you need help,	somebody will open the door.
If we keep ice in a hot temperature,	they will get wet.
If you fail the exam,	let's go for a swim.
If you ring the bell,	it melts.
If it rains,	consult your advisor.
If it is fine,	you'll need to take a remedial test.

Answer:

1. If you need help, consult your advisor.
2. ....
3. ....
4. ....
5. ....
6. ....

B. Write correct conditional sentences by putting the verbs in the bracket into the correct form. In some sentences, conditional sentence type 0 and 1 can be used interchangeably. Number 1 has been done as an example.

1. If I get a ticket, I (go) to the concert.
   Answer: If I get a ticket, I will go to the concert.
2. If we have time, we (visit) you.
   Answer: ....
3. If you don't watch the TV, (turn) it off.
   Answer: ....
4. If the weather is fine, we (go) to the beach.
   Answer: ....
5. If you want those pictures, I (send) you the copies.
   Answer: ....
6. If you don't feel well, (stay) at home.
   Answer: ....

C. Complete the following conditional sentences using your own ideas and words.

1. If you pass the exam, ....
2. If I finish my study, ....
3. If you want to have it, ....
4. If you have a question, ....
5. If the weather is fine this afternoon, ....

D. Do the matching exercise below by dragging each clause to the correct pair.

You can also study the lesson about conditional sentences type 0 and type 1 through the slide presentation attached below.

	KOMPETENSI DASAR
3.6	Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan / tindakan / kegiatan / kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan simple past tense vs present perfect tense)
4.6	Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional, lisan dan tulis, pendek dan sederhana, yang melibatkan tindakan unsur dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.

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resent Perfect tense adalah bentuk waktu dalam bahasa Inggris yang penting untuk dipelajari karena sangat sering digunakan, baik dalam percakapan maupun dalam bahasa tertulis. Agar dapat menggunakan Present Perfect tense secara baik dan benar, konsepnya harus dipahami, diterima, lalu diterapkan secara utuh, tanpa memaksakan konsep bahasa kita ke dalamnya. Karena konsepnya yang asing itulah yang membuat Present Perfect tense sangat menarik untuk dipelajari.

I. Struktur Present Perfect tense

Struktur Present Perfect tense tergolong sederhana dan sangat mudah dipahami. Berikut ini beberapa contoh kalimat Present Perfect tense dalam bentuk positif/afirmatif, pertanyaan, dan negatif. Perhatikan baik-baik susunan kata-kata yang dicetak tebal.

A. Kalimat dengan subyek I, we, you, they, dan kata benda jamak (students, parents, Andi and Tika, dll).

• (+): I have learned English for many years.
• (?): Have I learned English for many years?
• (-): I have not learned English for many years.

• We have had breakfast.
• Have we had breakfast?
• We have not had breakfast.

• The students have submitted their assignment.
• Have the students submitted their assignment?
• The students have not submitted their assignment.

B. Kalimat dengan subyek He, She, It, dan kata benda tunggal (book, student, Andi, Tika, dll).

• (+): He has learned English for many years.
• (?): Has he learned English for many years?
• (-): He has not learned English for many years.

• She has had breakfast.
• Has she had breakfast?
• She has not had breakfast.

• The student has submitted his assignment.
• Has the student submitted his assignment?
• The student has not submitted his assignment.

Yang harus diingat tentang struktur Present Perfect Tense.

1. Subyek I, we, you, they, dan kata benda jamak (students, parents, Andi and Tika, dll) menggunakan auxiliary "HAVE" diikuti Verb 3 (Past Participle). Struktur lengkap kata kerjanya adalah HAVE + VERB 3.
2. Subyek He, She, It, dan kata benda tunggal (book, student, Andi, Tika, dll) menggunakan auxiliary "HAS" diikuti Verb 3 (Past Participle). Struktur lengkap kata kerjanya adalah HAS + VERB 3.
3. Tidak ada perubahan bentuk kata kerja dalam kalimat tanya maupun negatif, tetap HAVE + VERB 3 atau HAS + VERB 3, hanya susunan saja yang berubah.
4. Penulisan "have" dan "has" dalam Present Perfect tense bisa disingkat. Lihat contoh kalimat di bawah ini:
   • I've never been to Gili island.
   • You've done right.
   • He's left already.
   • She's sent the email.
   • It's been there for years.
   • John's gone home already.
   • The car's broken down.
   • We've applied a new system.
   • They've finished their work.
   Jadi, jika menemukan penyingkatan 's, seperti pada he's, she's, it's, jangan gegabah menyimpulkan bahwa itu adalah singkatan dari "is". Bisa jadi itu adalah penyingkatan dari "has" jika bentuknya adalah Present Perfect tense.

II. Penggunaan Present Perfect tense

Tense ini disebut Present Perfect tense karena penggunaannya menyiratkan adanya hubungan antara masa sekarang (present) dengan masa lampau (past). Penggunaan Present Perfect tense yang penting untuk diketahui adalah:

1. Present Perfect tense mengungkapkan hal atau kejadian yang pernah dialami di masa lampau, tanpa membicarakan atau menitik-beratkan pada waktu kejadian, bahkan seringkali waktu kejadian tidak diketahui secara pasti.
   • I have seen monkeys in that forest.
   • She has been to many beautiful places.
   • They have lived here before.
   Jika kita menyebutkan waktu kejadian dalam contoh kalimat di atas, Simple Past tense harus digunakan.
2. Present perfect tense digunakan untuk memberikan informasi terbaru tentang perkembangan atau kegiatan yang baru saja terjadi atau mengalami perubahan.
   • He has recovered from his illness. (Last week, he was still sick.)
   • They have bought a house. (Last year, they didn't have a house)
   • My English has improved a lot. I couldn't speak English well, but now I can.
3. Dengan menggunakan for (selama) dan since (sejak), Present perfect tense membicarakan kejadian atau kegiatan yang berawal di waktu lampau dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
   • For dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti "selama" jangka waktu tertentu, misal for 2 hours, for a week, for a month, for a year, for ten years, dll.
   • Since dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti "sejak" saat tertentu di waktu lampau, misal since 6.00 a.m., since yesterday, since July, since 2019, since the beginning of the year, dll.
   Contoh kalimat Present Perfect tense dengan "for" dan "since":
   • I have lived here for two years.
   • She has been sick for 2 days.
   • They have lived here since 2019.
   • The regulation has been effective since January.
4. "Just" seringkali digunakan dalam Present Perfect tense positif / afirmatif, dengan makna "a short time ago (baru saja)". Contoh:
   • She has just left. (Dia baru saja berangkat.)
   • I've just had dinner. (Saya baru saja makan malam)
   • The package has just arrived. (Paket itu baru saja tiba).
5. "Already" seringkali digunakan dalam Present Perfect tense positif / afirmatif dan pertanyaan (question) dengan makna "sudah". Contoh:
   • She has already left. (Dia sudah berangkat.)
   • Has he already known about the news? (Sudahkah dia tahu tentang berita itu?)
   • The package has already arrived. (Paket itu sudah tiba).
6. "Yet" seringkali digunakan dalam Present Perfect tense pertanyaan atau negatif dan diletakkan di akhir kalimat, yang bermakna "until now (belum)". Contoh:
   • She hasn't left yet. (Dia belum berangkat.)
   • I haven't had dinner yet. (Saya belum makan malam)
   • Has the package arrived yet? (Apakah paket itu belum tiba?).
7. Present Perfect tense sering digunakan bersama "Ever" dalam kalimat tanya (question) dengan makna "pernahkah", dan "Never" dengan makna "tidak pernah / belum pernah". Contoh:
   • Have you ever been here before? (Pernahkah kamu ke sini sebelum ini?)
   • Have you ever eaten mangosteens? (Pernahkah kamu makan manggis?)
   • He has never travelled by air. (Dia belum pernah bepergian naik pesawat?).

Itulah beberapa penggunaan Present Perfect tense yang penting untuk diketahui. Yang harus diingat, jangan memaksakan konsep bahasa kita saat menterjemahkan atau menggunakan Present Perfect tense. Pahami bentuk dan penggunaannya, lalu terapkan konsepnya secara utuh.

Sebagai tambahan, bentuk Present Perfect tense seringkali dikontraskan dengan Simple Past tense.

Selamat berlatih dan semoga sukses.

I. Buatlah kalimat Present Perfect tense bentuk positif, pertanyaan, dan negatif menggunakan subyek dan kata kerja berikut ini.

Contoh:We - finish our assignment.
+: We have finished the asignment.
?: Have we finished the assignment?
-: We haven't finished the assignment.

1. He - clean his room.
2. They - do the assignment.
3. Ani - talk to the Principal.
4. I - send you an email.
5. His parents - work abroad before.

II. Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan bentuk Present Perfect tense dari kata kerja yang di dalam kurung. Sesuaikan apakah kalimat tersebut membutuhkan bentuk positif, pertanyaan, atau negatif.

1. Ovy: "Do the students know about the test?"
   Dina: "Yes, I ...(tell)... them."
2. Pras: "May I borrow the newspaper?"
   Yoko: "Wait a minute. I ...(finish)... reading it."
3. "I need to talk to Rama. ... you ...(see)... him?"
4. Student: "Where's Ms. Yuni, Sir?"
   Teacher: "I think she ...(leave)...."
5. Gani: "Where are my keys?"
   Kiki: "I don't know. I ...(see)... them."
6. Tia: "This office is very dusty."
   Umi: "Well, it ...(be)... closed since the pandemic started."
7. Dea: "Make sure you send the email as soon as possible."
   Lala: "Don't worry. I ...(do)... it already."
8. Benny: "I can't find the shop. It used to be here."
   Rio: "I think they ...(move)...."
9. Eka: "What's your plan for the holiday?"
   Ima: "I don't know. I ...(think)... about it yet."
10. I want to visit her but I ...(have)... much time to go out of town.

III. Buatlah kalimat tanya dengan diawali "Have you ever ...?" dengan menggunakan kata di dalam kurung, lalu jawablah dengan "Yes, once / twice / three times / many times / a few times" atau "No, never" sesuai dengan pengalaman kalian sendiri.

Contoh:

(Lombok) = "Have you ever been to Lombok?" ~ "Yes, once."

(eat / mangoes) = "Have you ever eaten durians?" ~ "No, never."

1. (Bromo) = ....
2. (play / Congklak) = ....
3. (Komodo Island) = ....
4. (live / abroad) = ....
5. (eat / Padang food) = ....
6. (cook / Rawon) = ....
7. (see / Kasada ceremony) = ....
8. (ride / a horse) = ....
9. (see / Karapan Sapi) = ....
10. (travel / by air) = ....

IV. Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan "for" atau "since".

1. My brother has lived in Jakarta ... more than ten years.
2. She has moved to a new department ... last month.
3. I've known her ... we both were kids.
4. Indonesia has been an independent country ... 1945.
5. We have waited ... an hour.

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