Mister Guru

n this post, we are going to do some exercises on contrasting the Simple Past with the Present Perfect tense. To learn about the differences between the Simple Past and the Present Perfect tense, read "Contrasting The Simple Past VS The Present Perfect Simple".

To learn more about both tenses separately, read "Simple Past Tense: Bentuk, Penggunaan, dan Latihan Soal" and "Present Perfect Tense: Bentuk, Penggunaan, dan Latihan Soal".

A. Use the words in brackets to answer the questions.

Example:
Man: "Has the package arrived?"
Woman: "Yes, ...(a few hours ago)...."
Answer: "Yes, it arrived a few hours ago."

1. Man: "Have you seen Bob?"
   Woman: "Yes, ...(a few minutes ago)...."
2. Woman: "Have you started your new job?"
   Man: "Yes, ...(last week)...."
3. Man: "Have you had lunch?"
   Woman: "Yes, ...(an hour ago)...."
4. Man: "Have you submitted the report?"
   Woman: "...(yesterday)...."
5. Man: "Have they contacted you?"
   Woman: "...(on Monday)...."

B. Right or wrong? Correct the underlined verbs if they are wrong.

Example:

• I've lost my key. I can't find it.
  Answer: RIGHT
• Have you seen Bob yesterday?
  Answer: WRONG: Did you see Bob yesterday?

1. I've finished my work at 2 o'clock.
2. I'm ready now. I've finished my work at 2 o'clock.
3. What time have you finished your work?
4. Sue isn't here. She's gone out.
5. Jim's grandfather has died in 2009.
6. Where have you been last night?
7. I have started my carreer as a teacher in 2002.
8. I have worked as a teacher for more than 20 years.
9. Laila left a few minutes ago.
10. The letter hasn't arrived yesterday.

C. Put the verbs in the simple past or present perfect.

Example:

• I ...(lose)... my key. I can't find it.
  Answer: I've lost my key. I can't find it.
• We ...(not have)... a holiday last year.
  Answer: We didn't have a holiday last year.

1. My friend is a writer. He ...(write)... many books.
2. I ...(play)... tennis yesterday afternoon.
3. What time ...(you/go)... to bed last night?
4. ...(you/ever/meet)... a famous person?
5. The weather ...(not/be)... very good yesterday.
6. My hair is wet. I ...(just wash)... it.
7. I ...(wash)... my hair before breakfast this morning.
8. Kathy travels a lot. She ...(visit)... many countries.
9. Sonia isn't here. She ...(not/come)... yet.
10. We ...(live)... in Malang for two years but now we live in Jember.
11. Man: "Have you ever been to Bali?"
    Woman: "Yes, we ...(go)... there on holiday last year.
12. Man: "Where's Tika?"
    Woman: "I don't know. I ...(not see)... her.
13. Lia works in an office. She ...(work)... there for almost two years.
14. I ...(meet)... your sister at a party last week. She's very nice.
15. I ...(wait)... here since seven o'clock and she ...(not come)... yet.
16. I ...(look)... at this picture for five minutes, but I can't see you in it.
17. COVID-19 outbreak ...(start)... in early 2020.
18. Since then, the government ...(take)... various measures to stop the spread of the virus.
19. The World Health Organization ...(declare)... COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020.
20. ...(you/see)... a good movie lately?

Want to practice more? Try to do another exercise on contrasting the Simple Past with the Present Perfect tense HERE.

fter studying the difference between "some" and "any" and how to use them HERE, do the following exercises.

A. Fill in the blanks with "some" or "any".

1. I bought ... cheese but I didn't buy ... bread.
2. I am going to the shop. We need ... sugar.
3. There aren't ... shops in this part of town.
4. Rio and Hannah haven't got ... children.
5. Have you got ... brothers or sisters?
6. There are ... beautiful flowers in the garden.
7. Do you know ... good hotels in Malang?
8. Would you like ... tea? I've just made ....
9. When we were on holiday, we visited ... very interesting places.
10. Don't buy ... rice. We don't need ....
11. I went out to buy ... milk but they didn't have ... in the shop.
12. I'm thirsty. Can I have ... water, please?
13. Can you give ... information about places of interests in the town?
14. I was too tired to do ... work.
15. Man: "Have you seen ... good films recently?"
    Woman: "No, I haven't been to the cinema for ages."

B. Complete the sentences with "some" or "any" + one of these words.

1. I want to wash my hair. Is there ...?
2. We have received ... from buyers complaining about the product.
3. I haven't got my camera, so I can't take ....
4. Do you speak ... foreign ...?
5. Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant with ... of mine.
6. Can I have ... in my coffee, please?
7. The flashlight isn't working. There aren't ... in it.
8. It's hot in this office. I'm going out for ... fresh ....
9. Man: "Would you like ...?"
   Woman: "No, thank you. I've had enough to eat."
10. I can do this job alone. I don't need ....

C. Complete the sentences. Use "some" or "any" and the correct form of the verb in the brackets. Number 1 and 2 has been done as an example.

1. Ann didn't take any photographs but I took some. (I/take)
2. Man: "Where's your luggage?"
   Woman: "Oh, I haven't got any/I don't have any." (I/not/have)
3. Woman: "This coffee is too bitter for me. Can I have some sugar?"
   Man: "Yes, ... in the kitchen. (we/have)
4. Man: "Do you need any money?"
   Woman: "No, thank you. .... (I/have)
5. Man: "Can you lend me some money?"
   Woman: "I'm sorry but .... (I/not/have)
6. The tomatoes in the shop didn't look very good so ....(I/not/buy)
7. There were some nice oranges in the shop so .... (I/buy)

Study and review how to use "some" and "any" and the differences HERE Reference:

Murphy, Raymond Essential Grammar In Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Prev: How to Educate ESL Students, Tue 04232013 0755PM PV 397

n this post, you are going to learn how to use "some" and "any" quantifiers and how they are different. Read the dialogue below in which there are sentences with "some" and "any" quantifiers. Pay close attention to how "some" and "any" are used.

A. Example Dialogue

Raka is visiting Hadi and his mother, Mrs. Wira, after school. Here's their conversation:

Mrs. Wira:	Do you have any homework today, Hadi?
Hadi:	Oh, I forget. But I think we don't have any homework today. I'm glad. I don't like homework.
Mrs. Wira:	I know you don't like it, but - are you sure you don't have any homework?
Raka:	I think we have some homework, Hadi. Yes! We must write an English exercise!
Hadi:	Oh, Raka!
Raka:	Look - this is the exercise.
Hadi:	Yes. I remember now.
Mrs. Wira:	Well, you'd better start your homework now.
Hadi:	Yes .... Oh, I don't have any paper.
Mrs. Wira:	Here's some paper. Do you have a pen?
Hadi:	Yes. Oh, my pen is out of ink, and I don't have any spare pens.
Mrs. Wira:	Oh, dear! Raka, do you have a spare pen?
Raka:	Yes, Mrs. Wira.
Mrs. Wira:	Good. Please lend it to Hadi.
Raka:	Here you are, Hadi.
Hadi:	Thank you.
Mrs. Wira:	Now, Hadi, you have some paper and a pen. Now you can write that exercise.
Hadi:	There! That's finished now.
Mrs. Wira:	Let me see it, Hadi. Hmmm, you have some mistakes here, I think.
Hadi:	Do I? Where?
Mrs. Wira:	Look at this sentence. That isn't correct. Can you improve it?
Hadi:	Oh, yes! I remember the correct words now. I must change that sentence.
Mrs. Wira:	Let me see your exercise, Raka.
Raka:	Oh, Mrs. Wira, I think I have some mistakes too.
Mrs. Wira:	No, no, Raka. This is very good. You don't have any mistakes in this exercise.
Hadi:	Raka usually doesn't make any mistakes. But I always make some. Please look at this sentence again, Mom. Is it correct now?
Mrs. Wira:	Yes, I think so, Hadi. I don't see any mistakes now.
Hadi:	Good!
Mrs. Wira:	Well, would you like something to drink now?
Hadi and Raka:	Yes,please.
Mrs. Wira:	Good. Let's have some lemonade. .... Oh, I don't have any lemonade, but we can have some tea!

B. Explanation

1. "Some" is used in positive sentences. Examples:
   I'm going to buy some books.
   There's some ice in the fridge.
   We did some exercises.
2. "Any" is used in negative sentences. Examples:
   I'm not going to buy any books.
   There isn't any ice in the fridge.
   We didn't do any exercises.
3. Most questions (but not all) use "any". Examples:
   Is there any ice in the fridge?
   Do you have any money?
   Why didn't you do any exercises?
4. When we make offers or requests, we normally use "some", not "any". Examples:
   Would you like some ice cream?
   Can I have some coffee, please?
   Can you lend me some money?
5. We can use "some" and "any" without a noun. Examples:
   I didn't take any photographs, but Ann took some. (=some photographs)
   I've just made some coffee. Would you like some? (=some coffee)
   We don't have any sugar. I'm going to buy some this afternoon. (=some sugar)

To check your understanding about the difference between "some" and "any", proceed to the exercise page HERE.

reviously in our earlier post, we have learned about all types of Conditional sentences, i.e. type 0, 1, 2, 3, and mixed conditionals, including their usage or functions, examples, and exercises as well.

In this post, we are going to focus and take a closer look at Conditional sentence type 0 and type 1.

Conditional sentence type 0

Structure:

Usage / function:

• Conditional sentences in "If / when ...(Simple Present)..., ...(Simple Present)..." can be used to express general truths / facts. (see examples a and b below)
• Conditional sentences in "If / when ...(Simple Present)..., ...(Imperative)...." can be used to express suggestions, instructions, or commands. (see examples c and d below)

Examples

1. If the moon passes between the sun and Earth, a solar eclipse happens.
2. If we heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
3. If you arrive at the station, call me.
4. If you want to turn on the device, press this button.

Conditional sentence type 1

Structure:

Usage / function:

Conditional sentences in "If / when ...(Simple Present)..., ...(Simple Future / Modals)..." can be used to express;

• reminders (see examples a and b below)
• suggestions (see examples c and d below)

.

Examples

1. If you eat too much, you will get a stomachache.
2. If you don't shut that window, we will die of cold.
3. If we want to see the sunrise, we will have to leave very early.
4. If you want to buy that car, you should provide a bigger garage.

A. Match the sentences on the left with the ones on the right. Number 1 has been done for you as an example.

If you need help,	somebody will open the door.
If we keep ice in a hot temperature,	they will get wet.
If you fail the exam,	let's go for a swim.
If you ring the bell,	it melts.
If it rains,	consult your advisor.
If it is fine,	you'll need to take a remedial test.

Answer:

1. If you need help, consult your advisor.
2. ....
3. ....
4. ....
5. ....
6. ....

B. Write correct conditional sentences by putting the verbs in the bracket into the correct form. In some sentences, conditional sentence type 0 and 1 can be used interchangeably. Number 1 has been done as an example.

1. If I get a ticket, I (go) to the concert.
   Answer: If I get a ticket, I will go to the concert.
2. If we have time, we (visit) you.
   Answer: ....
3. If you don't watch the TV, (turn) it off.
   Answer: ....
4. If the weather is fine, we (go) to the beach.
   Answer: ....
5. If you want those pictures, I (send) you the copies.
   Answer: ....
6. If you don't feel well, (stay) at home.
   Answer: ....

C. Complete the following conditional sentences using your own ideas and words.

1. If you pass the exam, ....
2. If I finish my study, ....
3. If you want to have it, ....
4. If you have a question, ....
5. If the weather is fine this afternoon, ....

D. Do the matching exercise below by dragging each clause to the correct pair.

You can also study the lesson about conditional sentences type 0 and type 1 through the slide presentation attached below.

asih berkaitan dengan materi "Asking And Giving Opinions", kali ini kita akan membahas makna sebuah kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang sering digunakan untuk merespon atau memberi tanggapan terhadap suatu pendapat, yaitu "agree". "Agree" adalah kata kerja (verb) yang makna umumnya adalah "setuju", "sepakat", dan kadang meluas menjadi "cocok".

Akan tetapi, tahukah kalian bahwa kata "agree" bisa memiliki beragam makna, tergantung pada kata yang mengikutinya? Perbedaan makna tersebut bisa dilihat dari obyek atau jenis kata yang mengikutinya.

Selengkapnya, mari kita pelajari makna kata "agree" beserta contoh kalimat penggunaannya di bawah ini. Parhatikan bagian kalimat yang bergaris bawah.

1. Agree on / about
   "Agree on / about" berarti sependapat atau memiliki pendapat yang sama tentang sesuatu.
   Contoh:
   • All members of the committee agreed on/about the plan to merge the two sections.
   • They agree on the issue that the company should pay more attention to the ecosystem.
   • She agreed on some points of the debate.
   • The committee agreed on the results of the discussion.
   • They finally agreed about the establishment of a new regulation.
2. Agree with
   "Agree with" berarti memiliki pendapat yang sama dengan orang lain, setuju terhadap sesuatu, atau suatu fakta sesuai dengan fakta lainnya.
   • She didn't agree with my opinion.
   • I agree with you that human rights must be respected by anyone.
   • The field evaluation showed that their statements didn't agree with the facts.
   • Basically, people agree with the approach that the government adopted.
   • We found out that the survey result agreed with the goverment's data.
3. Agree to
   "Agree to" berarti menerima atau menyetujui suatu permintaan / persyaratan (demand, requirement, recommendation) atau memiliki komitmen untuk melakukan suatu tindakan (to do an action).
   • The bank agreed to provide funding for small and medium enterprises.
   • The committee agreed to implement a new approach to address the environmental issues.
   • The principal agreed to the recommendation given by the school committee.
   • She agreed to the auditor's demands.

Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan "on", "about", "with", atau "to".

1. They agreed ... his demands.
2. She agreed ... see me after school.
3. Some members didn't agree ... the manager's decision.
4. The organisation has agreed ... the recommendations given by the local government.
5. Parents mostly agree ... the school's plan to adopt the new system.
6. In English, the subject of a sentence must agree ... the verbs.
7. I'm sorry, spicy hot food never agrees ... my stomach.
8. After the meeting, the board of directors agreed ... implement new marketing strategies.
9. After the meeting, the board of directors agreed ... the implementation of new marketing strategies.
10. We couldn't agree ... some points of the new regulation.

aat mempelajari materi "Asking and Giving Opinions" dalam mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris, seringkali siswa harus melakukan unjuk kerja seperti membuat dialog bahasa Inggris dan mempraktekkannya di depan kelas. Meskipun telah mendapat pembekalan berupa ungkapan-ungkapan untuk menanyakan atau meminta pendapat (asking for opinions), mengeluarkan pendapat (giving opinions), serta menyetujui dan tidak menyetujui pendapat (agreeing and disagreeing with opinions), siswa masih sering membuat kesalahan dalam menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut.

Berikut ini beberapa macam kesalahan yang sangat sering dilakukan siswa dalam mempraktekkan materi "Asking And Giving Opinions".

1. Menggunakan frase "according to me" atau "according to my opinion" untuk mengungkapkan pendapat pribadi.
   

   Dalam bahasa Indonesia, frase "menurut saya" dan "menurut pendapat saya" adalah ungkapan yang umum digunakan untuk mengutarakan pendapat. Akan tetapi, jika frase tersebut diterjemahkan secara serampangan tanpa memperhatikan kaidah penggunaan kata dalam bahasa Inggris, terjemahan yang didapat seringkali adalah "according to me", atau "according to my opinion".

   Padahal penggunaan "according to me" untuk mengutarakan pendapat pribadi adalah kurang tepat, karena penggunaan "according to ..." yang benar adalah untuk mengutip pendapat, kondisi, atau pernyataan orang lain, atau mengutip suatu peraturan tertentu, dan bukan pendapat pribadi orang yang berbicara. Contoh-contoh kalimat dengan penggunaan "according to me" yang benar adalah:

   • According to the travel agency, the bus will arrive at the destination on 8 P.M. this evening.
     As stated by the travel agency, the bus will arrive at the destination on 8 P.M. this evening.
   • According to the new regulation, legal requirements will be required for exports of wood products.
     In conformity with the new regulations, legal requirements will be required for exports of wood products.
   • Everyone worked hard according to their ability.
     Everyone worked hard depending on their ability.

   Untuk mengutarakan pendapat, terjemahan bahasa Inggris yang tepat untuk frase "menurut saya" atau "menurut pendapat saya" adalah in my opinion, in my point of view, as for me. (Lihat materi "Asking And Giving Opinions").

2. Menggunakan kalimat "I am agree", atau "I am not agree" untuk mengungkapkan setuju atau tidak setuju.
   

   Agree adalah termasuk kata kerja yang berkaitan dengan aktifitas mental dan harus menggunakan bentuk simple, bukan bentuk continuous. Penggunaannya tidak membutuhkan auxiliary verb "be" atau "to be", seperti "am", "is", atau "are". Jadi cukup kata kerja "agree" dalam bentuk simple saja. (Lihat materi Simple Present Tense: Bentuk, Penggunaan, & Latihan Soal)

   Karena itu, kalimat yang tepat seharusnya adalah, "I agree" untuk mengungkapan kesetujuan, atau "I don't agree" untuk mengungkapkan ketidaksetujuan terhadap suatu pendapat.

3. Menggunakan kalimat "I am believe", atau "I am not believe" untuk mengungkapkan keyakinan atau ketidakyakinan terhadap suatu pendapat.
   

   Sama dengan penjelasan nomer 2, believe adalah termasuk kata kerja yang berkaitan dengan aktifitas mental dan tidak membutuhkan auxiliary verb "be" atau "to be".

   Karena itu, kalimat yang tepat seharusnya adalah, "I believe" untuk mengungkapan keyakinan, atau "I don't believe" untuk mengungkapkan ketidakyakinan.

4. Menggunakan kalimat "Are you agree?", "Are you believe that ...?", atau "What are you thinking about ...?" untuk menanyakan pendapat.
   

   Masih sama dengan penjelasan nomer 2, agree, believe, dan think jika bermakna memiliki pendapat tidak membutuhkan auxiliary verb "be" atau "to be", seperti "am", "is", atau "are". Jadi cukup kata kerja dalam bentuk simple.

   Karena itu, kalimat yang tepat untuk menanyakan pendapat seharusnya adalah, "Do you agree", "Do you believe", dan "What do you think about ...?".

   Di sini, penggunaan kata kerja "think" berarti "berpendapat", bukan "sedang memikirkan". Jika "think" bermakna "sedang memikirkan", maka penggunaan kalimat "What are you thinking about?" sudah tepat, yang berarti "Apa yang sedang kamu pikirkan?

5. Menggunakan kalimat "I couldn't agree more" atau "I can't agree more" untuk menyatakan tidak setuju.
   

   Makna yang tepat dari kalimat "I couldn't agree more" atau "I can't agree more" adalah "saya (sangat) setuju". Jelas bahwa penggunaannya adalah untuk mengungkapkan kesetujuan terhadap suatu pendapat, bukan ketidaksetujuan.

   
6. Menggunakan kalimat "I agree to you" untuk menyatakan setuju terhadap pendapat seseorang.
   Makna yang sebenarnya dari frase "agree to" adalah "memberikan persetujuan terhadap sesuatu" atau "setuju untuk melakukan sesuatu". Contoh:
   • The principal has agreed to our proposed plans.
   • He agreed to consult his doctor for the symptoms.
   Jika maksudnya adalah untuk mengungkapkan kesetujuan terhadap pendapat seseorang, maka frase yang lebih tepat digunakan adalah "agree with". Jadi kalimat yang benar seharusnya "I agree with you".

Itulah 6 daftar kesalahan berbahasa Inggris yang sering terjadi dalam pembelajaran materi "Asking And Giving Opinions". Untuk lebih jauh mempelajari materi "Asking And Giving Opinions", baca juga beberapa materi pada tautan di bawah ini. Semoga bermanfaat.