Mister Guru

adi is sitting and drinking a cup of coffee when he sees Margaret.

Hadi:	Hello, Margaret!
Margaret:	Oh, hello, Hadi.
Hadi:	Won't you sit down here?
Margaret:	Certainly. What are you doing?
Hadi:	Just drinking coffee and thinking.
Margaret:	Well, now you can drink coffee and talk! I want to be told all the news!
Hadi:	News! What news!
Margaret:	About Jim and Betty's friends, the Fosters - Tom and Nancy. They've just come back from Indonesia, haven't they?
Hadi:	Oh, yes, they arrived home last week. I was invited to Jim and Betty's place a few days ago, and Tom and Nancy were there too.
Margaret:	And did they tell you all about their trip? What did they do? Where did they go?What interested them the most? Did they enjoy themselves?
Hadi:	Yes, I think they enjoyed their holiday very much. They went to Jakarta first - by plane from Sydney. They have some friends in Jakarta, and so they were invited to a lot of places, and they were taken on several visits.
Margaret:	Lucky people!
Hadi:	After they'd been in Jakarta for a few days, a visit to Bandung was arranged for them. They were taken there by car. They were delighted by the scenery in Bandung.
Margaret:	Yes, it must be a beautiful place.
Hadi:	Ah, you'll go there one day, Margaret!
Margaret:	Mm! Did Nancy and Tom speak Indonesian while they were there?
Hadi:	A little. They knew only a few words of Indonesian - but they practiced them whenever possible! They met some Indonesian people who could speak English to them.
Margaret:	Really?
Hadi:	Yes, English is spoken by quite a lot of people in Indonesia now! One day Nancy and Tom were invited to a meeting of a Youth Club. They were asked to give a speech.
Margaret:	In English?
Hadi:	Yes. And after the speech had been given, they were asked a lot of questions about Australia. They found it very interesting.
Margaret:	H'm.
Hadi:	Another day, they went to Borobudur.
Margaret:	Where?
Hadi:	Borobudur. Haven't you heard of it?
Margaret:	I'm not sure, Hadi. Where is it?
Hadi:	It's in Central Java. It's an old Buddhist temple. It was built - oh, a long time ago.
Margaret:	How long ago?
Hadi:	I don't know, Margaret - I'm not a history student!
Margaret:	Neither am I.
Hadi:	I don't think the date is known exactly, but it must have been built - oh, between the eighth and ninth centuries. It was designed very beautifully.
Margaret:	And it's a tourist attraction, is it?
Hadi:	Yes. If you come to the party next week, you'll be shown some pictures of it. Tom and Nancy are bringing some photos that were taken in Indonesia.
Margaret:	Good! I love being shown photos! What else did Tom and Nancy do?
Hadi:	Well, they didn't have much time to go to a lot of places - it was only a very short holiday - but they had a quick visit to Bali. Then they came back to Jakarta, and caught the plane home to Sydney.
Margaret:	And they were met at the airport by Betty and Jim.
Hadi:	Yes. And when Betty and Jim heard all about their holiday, they decided that they must go to Indonesia for a holiday themselves!

Answer the following questions.

1. Where does the above conversation probably take place?
   
2. Who are they talking about?
3. Where have the Fosters been?
4. When did they arrive?
5. What places did they visit during their trip?
6. How long did they stay in Jakarta?
7. Where did they go after visiting Jakarta?
8. Did Nancy and Tom speak Indonesian language during their trip?
9. where did Nancy and Tom give a speech?
10. What happened after the speech?
11. Does Margaret know much about Borobudur temple?
12. What does Hadi know about Borobudur?
13. Where will Margaret be shown the photos of the trip?
14. Was it a long holiday, or was it a short one?
15. What did Betty and Jim decide to do after hearing about the Fosters' holiday?

^{BML 062611 1159 AM 2420}

Jim:	Betty, something interesting happened this afternoon.
Betty:	This is such an interesting article in the paper, Jim.
Jim:	Now, Betty! There's something I want to tell you.
Betty:	Jim! You know I don't like being disturbed while I'm reading the paper.
Jim:	But Betty, Hadi has invited us to a party at the University!
Betty:	At the University! Why didn't you tell me?
Jim:	I've been trying to tell you, but you didn't want to be disturbed.
Betty:	Well, I want to be told all about it. Who invited us?
Jim:	Hadi phoned me this afternoon and invited us.
Betty:	What sort of party will it be?
Jim:	Hadi's professor is giving a farewell party for him. The professor told him that some of his best friends could be invited too.
Betty:	And Hadi thought of us! I'm very happy to be invited to the party. and I'm very proud of being included among Hadi's best friends!
Jim:	Well, I hope to be introduced to Hadi's professor. I've heard so much about him.
Betty:	Jim! What shall I wear?
Jim:	Oh, you have plenty of beautiful clothes. Of course, my best suit should be dry cleaned.
Betty:	Jim, your best suit needn't be dry cleaned. It looks quite all right. But I'll need a new dress for the party. I wouldn't like to be seen at the party in an old dress.
Jim:	Well, I know you like being invited to parties, and I know you enjoy being admired when you're wearing new clothes, but the expense must be thought of!
Betty:	Oh, the money for a new dress could be saved if you gave up smoking for a few weeks!
Jim:	Now, Betty, let's be sensible. You have that wonderful blue dress that you wore to Nancy's party. Hadi and Yati weren't at that party, so they haven't seen it yet. Nobody at Hadi's party will have seen that dress, so you'll be able to wear that.
Betty:	I suppose you're right, Jim. But I'll need a new bag - and some new shoes!

Answer the following questions.

1. What do the speakers mainly talk about?
2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
3. What is Betty doing?
4. What does Jim want to tell Betty?
5. Who will hold the party?
6. How does Betty feel to be invited?
7. What dress does Betty want to wear?
8. Does Jim agree with Betty? Why?
9. What does Jim think about his best suit?
10. Does Betty agree with Jim? Why?
11. What does Betty want at last?
12. Please copy all the passive voice sentences in the dialogue. You can refer to How to Change an Active Sentence to the Passive Voice.

^{BSESMKCls XII 070411 0928 PM 2380}

A. Read and practice this dialogue.

Hadi:	Hello, Margaret!
Margaret:	Hello, Hadi! You don't seem very happy today. What's the matter?
Hadi:	I don't feel very happy.
Margaret:	Why don't you feel happy?
Hadi:	Because I'm thinking of my exam tomorrow.
Margaret:	Oh! Don't you like exams?
Hadi:	No, I don't.
Margaret:	Do you think you will pass?
Hadi:	Well, I want to pass, of course, but I think I will fail.
Margaret:	Oh no, Hadi! You always work very hard, and I'm sure you know your work very well.
Hadi:	But I don't, Margaret! I don't remember it now!
Margaret:	Well, perhaps you will remember it tomorrow.
Hadi:	Yes, perhaps.
Margaret:	What does your exam consist of, Hadi?
Hadi:	It consists of a written paper, and an oral exam.
Margaret:	Well, good luck to you!
Hadi:	Thank you, Margaret.
	The following day, Margaret meets Hadi after his exam.
Margaret:	Hello, Hadi!
Hadi:	Hello, Margaret!
Margaret:	Well! You seem different today. You seem happy again.
Hadi:	Oh yes, Margaret. I feel very happy!
Margaret:	The exam - ?
Hadi:	Oh, I think that perhaps I will pass.
Margaret:	That's wonderful, Hadi!
Hadi:	Margaret, your exam is this afternoon. How do you feel? Do you feel confident?
Margaret:	No, I don't.
Hadi:	Oh, I don't believe you, Margaret! I feel that you will pass.
Margaret:	I hope so, Hadi.
Hadi:	Well, good luck, Margaret!
Margaret:	Thank you!

(Adapted from: Radio Australia: English For You, Lesson no. 14)

1. What is the topic of the above conversation?
2. Where does the conversation probably take place?
3. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
4. At first, how does Hadi feel about his exam? Why?
5. What does Margaret say about it? Why?
6. How does Hadi seem on the following day? Why?
7. How does Margaret feel about her exam?
8. What does Hadi say about it?
9. Please rewrite the sentences that express doubt or uncertainty.
10. Please rewrite the sentences that express confidence and hope.
11. In Simple Present Tense: Form, Uses, & Exercise, we have learnt about the verbs that cannot be used in continuous tenses. Can you find them in the above dialogue? Please rewrite them.

^{072211 06:57 PM 2316}

Read and practice the dialogue below.

Wendy:	When you were a boy, Paul, where did you live? What were your hobbies? Tell me everything.
Paul:	Well, Wendy, there isn't much to tell. When I was boy, my family used to live in the country - about a hundred miles from the city.
Wendy:	I didn't know you used to live in the country!
Paul:	You've never asked me about it before.
Wendy:	But my family used to live in the country too, Paul. And we lived about a hundred miles from the city too! Where did you use to live?
Paul:	Oh, I used to live at Wyanna.
Wendy:	At Wyanna? We used to live at Listerton. That's only a few miles from Wyanna!
Paul:	Fancy that! As a matter of fact, I used to go to the Listerton school. I used to travel to school by bus every day.
Wendy:	And I used to go to the Listerton school too, of course. I used to ride my bicycle to school every day. Think of it, Paul! We used to go to the same school, but we didn't know one another in those days.
Paul:	No, we didn't. You must have been in a different class. Oh, I used to enjoy travelling by bus. A lot of children from Wyanna used to travel to school by bus every day, and we used to sing songs in the bus. And we used to whistle too!
Wendy:	Oh, the poor bus-driver! I enjoyed riding my bicycle to school. I used to ride to school with several other children, and we used to play games on the way to school.
Paul:	What sort of games did you play?
Wendy:	Oh, we used to count the number of cars we saw, or the number of horses, or something like that. They were very simple games. And we often used to whistle and sing, of course.
Paul:	After school, I used to like making things in my father's workshop. I had my own hammer and my own saw, and I never used my father's tools, because he said I wasn't used to expensive tools .... What did you do after school, Wendy?
Wendy:	Oh, I used to read books, or play with my dolls. I used to water the garden every day for my father. I'd forgotten that! I never water the garden now. I wonder if Daddy remembers that I watered it every day at Listerton.
Paul:	Well, I never make things now. I haven't used a hammer or a saw for many years. Now I'm a university student. I don't have time for things like that.
Wendy:	Well, I used to like living in the country, but I'm used to the city now.
Paul:	I liked the country too, but now I'm used to lectures and essays and examinations!
Wendy:	Would you like to go back to Wyanna and Listerton for a holiday one day?
Paul:	I wouldn't mind a holiday there, but I suppose everything is different now.

^{(Adapted from: English For You - Radio Australia, Lesson No. 97)}

1. What is the topic of the above conversation?
2. Where does the conversation probably take place?
3. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
4. Before the conversation, did the speakers know that they used to go to the same school?
5. How did Wendy and Paul use to travel to school?
6. What did they use to do on the way to school?
7. What did they use to do after school?
8. Why did Paul never use his father's tools?
9. What is their opinion about living in the country?
10. Please copy all the sentences with "used to" and "be used to", and note how they are different in structure and meaning.You may refer to THIS PAGE.

^{PV 2698}

Are you familiar with the structure of these sentences?

• You should have informed me earlier.
• How could you have done that to him?
• They might have lost their way in the forest.

Pay attention to the underlined phrases in the above sentences. They are often referred to as "modal + perfective", and are used to express various degrees of certainty, prabibility, or advisability in the past. You can learn more about the structure and uses here.

A. Practice the dialogue below.

Betty is waiting for Jim to come home from work. It is raining outside and it is dark, and Betty is worried about Jim. Then she hears a car stopping.

Betty	Ah! That must be Jim now. I'll open the door for him .... Hello, darling. Oh! Your clothes are so wet.
Jim	Yes, darling. I forgot to take my umbrella today.
Betty	But it was raining a little this morning when you left for work.
Jim	I know, but I must have forgotten to take my umbrella.
Betty	What a pity! Never mind, go and put on some dry clothes.
Jim	I'll put on some dry clothes in a minute, Betty. At the moment I'm very worried.
Betty	Why, darling?
Jim	Because I've lost my briefcase.
Betty	Oh, Jim. That's bad luck! Do you know where you lost it?
Jim	No, that's the trouble. I might have lost it anywhere.
Betty	But a briefcase is quite a large thing. How could you have lost it?
Jim	I don't know. I may have left it in the coffee lounge where I had a cup of coffee this morning.
Betty	Why don't you phone the coffee lounge?
Jim	I phoned them this afternoon, but it wasn't there. I suppose someone could have picked it up before I rang.
Betty	I suppose so. Did you look in other places in your office? You might have put it in a different place.
Jim	I don't think so, Betty. I thought I might have put it in a different place in the office, but we all looked for it and we couldn't find it.
Betty	And was there anything very important in your briefcase, Jim?
Jim	Yes, unfortunately. I had the plans of a new bridge in it.
Betty	Oh, Jim! If you had important plans in your briefcase, you should have been more careful!
Jim	Yes, you're quite right! ... Oh well, I suppose I'd better put some dry clothes on.
Betty	Now, Jim, you must hurry. You should have put dry clothes on as soon as you came home. Why didn't you take your umbrella? Now hurry and change your clothes.
Jim	All right, Betty. I won't be long ... Betty! I didn't lose my briefcase after all! Here it is! I must have forgotten to take it this morning.
Betty	Oh, I'm so glad. So you needn't have worried all day. You didn't lose anything. That's good.
Jim	But - er, - Betty! I - er - must have taken my umbrella after all, because it isn't there now.
Betty	Oh dear! You are silly sometimes, Jim. You must have lost your umbrella, not your briefcase.

(Adapted from: Radio Australia - English for You, Lesson No. 96)

Answer the following questions

1. What is the main topic of the above conversation?
2. Betty said, "But it was raining a little this morning when you left for work."
   What did Betty most probably mean? Choose the best answer.
   1. She suggested that Jim should bring his umbrella with him.
   2. Jim shouldn't have left for work because of the rain.
   3. It was very unlikely that Jim had left his umbrella at home.
   4. It was probable that Jim had left his umbrella in his office.
3. Why was Jim very worried?
4. What was in his briefcase?
5. Jim said, "I may have left it in the coffee lounge ...."
   What does Jim's sentence imply? Choose the best answer.
   1. He felt he should not leave his briefcase in the coffee lounge.
   2. He was sure that he may leave his briefcase in the coffee lounge.
   3. It was certain that he had not left his briefcase in the coffee lounge.
   4. He thought he had possibly left his briefcase in the coffee lounge.
6. Did Jim really lose his briefcase? Where did he find it at last?
7. What actually happened with his briefcase?
8. What did he actually lose?
9. What must have happened with the umbrella?
10. Please copy all the italicized verbs and indicate whether they express certainty, probability, or advisability.

^{Prev: Crossword 2, 8/21/11, 8:53 PM, PV 3142}

Talking about Plans and Predictions

Asking About Plans	Hiding Plans
What is your plan? What are you going to do ...? What do you intend to do ...? What are you planning to do ...?	I’ve got a particular plan. I can’t tell you now. You’ll see (later). Let’s wait and see.
Stating Plans	Predicting
My plan is .... I’m going to .... I intend to .... I’m planning to ....	Do you think ... will ...? ...will ..., I expect. You will .... It’s going to ....

Note:

The Difference between "WILL" and "BE GOING TO".

• “Will” is often used to express an unplanned and spontaneous decision.
• “Will” is usually used to indicate a future event or action with little certainty.
• “Be going to” is used to express something that is planned in the future.
• “Be going to” is also used to express something that is going to happen in the near future, or it is almost certain to happen.

See also Contrasting Future Forms: "Be Going To" VS "Will" and Perbedaan Penggunaan Bentuk WILL dengan BE GOING TO

Dialogue: Discussing Plans

Two friends are talking about their plans for the weekend.

Lina: What are you going to do this weekend, Yeni?
Yeni: I’ve got a particular plan.
Lina: What is it?
Yeni: Sorry, I can’t tell you now. You’ll see.
Lina: C’mon. What are you planning to do this weekend?
Yeni: Let’s wait and see, I told you. What about you? What’s your plan?
Lina: I think I will watch ‘Rumah Angker’. You know, that horror film.
Yeni: Well, I would watch another movie if I were you.
Lina: Really? But I like horror movies. They’re thrilling.
Yeni: Thrilling? It’s just not worth-seeing.
Lina: Why do you say so?
Yeni: I just don’t see the point of drowning ourselves in the movies about mystics and superstition when we are supposed to be more logical in this era of internet and technology.
Lina: Hey, do you think all movies should be logical? Besides, horror movies are becoming more and more popular each day.
Yeni: That's it. When a movie becomes a hit, a dozen movies with the same genre will follow. Movie producers will keep stuffing viewers with similar movies because they think people like them.
Lina: When a movie becomes popular, it means people like it. What’s wrong with that?
Yeni: Well, film makers will follow the trend. They will tend to make similar movies, very often without paying attention to quality. It will be full of ‘a flash in the pan’.
Lina: What did you say? ‘Something’ in the pan?
Yeni: A flash in the pan, something which enjoys popularity for a short time.
Lina: That’s new for me. Now, you haven't told me about your plan. What do you intend to do this weekend?
Yeni: Make a guess.
Lina: You will go swimming, I expect. You like swimming, right?
Yeni: Not this weekend. Maybe next.
Lina: You will go out of town, I suppose.
Yeni: No. This weekend is my dad's birthday, and we’re planning to give him a surprise party.
Lina: A surprise party? It must be fun.
Yeni: Certainly. I am looking forward to it.

Answer these questions.

1. What is the topic of the conversation?
2. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
3. What is Lina's plan for the weekend? And what is Yeni's?
4. What does Yeni think about Lina's plan?
5. Rewrite the sentences that indicate the speakers' plan.
6. Rewrite the sentences that indicate the speakers' prediction or guess.

Also read:^{BSE SMK 052111 0427 PM 8868}

	KOMPETENSI DASAR
3.6	Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan / tindakan / kegiatan / kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsur kebahasaan simple past tense vs present perfect tense)
4.6	Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional, lisan dan tulis, pendek dan sederhana, yang melibatkan tindakan unsur dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian yang dilakukan/terjadi di waktu lampau yang merujuk waktu terjadinya dan kesudahannya, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.

---

An English Conversation

In his office, Jim is talking to Betty, his wife, on the telephone.

JIM:	And what are you doing now, Betty?
BETTY:	I'm having a rest.
JIM:	Hm, you're lucky. You're having a rest, while I'm sitting here in the office, working hard.
BETTY:	Working hard! You're talking to me on the phone - that isn't work! Now, I've been very busy - I've cleaned the house, and I've done a lot of shopping. I've sewn some buttons on your shirts -
JIM:	Wonderful!
BETTY:	- and I've made cake, and I've prepared some food. Now I'm tired, and so I'm having a rest.
JIM:	That's good.
BETTY:	Oh, Yati rang me this morning.
JIM:	Ah, how is she?
BETTY:	She's well. I've asked her to come and have dinner with us this evening.
JIM:	Oh, Betty, you've forgotten! We've promised to go and have dinner with Tom and Nancy Foster this evening.
BETTY:	This evening?
JIM:	Yes. Don't you remember? We arranged it last Sunday.
BETTY:	Oh, yes, that's right. Oh dear, what can we do?
JIM:	Never mind, darling. You must ring Yati, and explain to her. Perhaps she can come to dinner tomorrow evening.
BETTY:	Yes, I'll ring her. And Jim what -
JIM:	(someone interrupted him) Just a minute, please, Betty ... Oh, Betty, the mail has arrived, and I have to do some work on it now.
BETTY:	All right, darling. Goodbye now.
JIM:	Goodbye.
BETTY:	(A few moments later, Jim calls Betty again) Hello?
JIM:	Hello, Betty. Tom Foster has rung me to say that Nancy is sick, and they're very sorry, but they can't have us for dinner tonight.
BETTY:	Oh, poor Nancy. What's the matter with her?
JIM:	She's caught a very bad cold, and she has to stay in bed for a few days ... But listen, Betty, now we can invite Yati to dinner this evening after all.
BETTY:	Oh, but, Jim, I've rung Yati, and I've explained to her that we have to go out this evening, and now she's made some other arrangements for this evening.
JIM:	Oh dear!
BETTY:	But she's promised to come to dinner tomorrow evening.
JIM:	Good! So, this evening we can't go to the Foster's, and Yati can't come to us - so we'll have a cosy dinner, just by ourselves.

Bagaimana bentuk Present Perfect Tense?

Perhatikan kalimat atau frase yang dicetak tebal dalam dialog di atas. Kata kerja dalam kalimat-kalimat tersebut adalah contoh bentuk Present Perfect Tense dalam bahasa Inggris, yang tersusun oleh have/has + past participle (verb 3).

Bentuk Kata Kerja Present Perfect Tense

Affirmative (Positive)
I/We/You/They	have	past participle (verb 3).
He/She/It	has	past participle (verb 3).
Interrogative (Question)
Have	I/we/you/they	past participle (verb 3)?
Has	he/she/it	past participle (verb 3)?
Negative
I/We/You/They	have not (haven't)	past participle (verb 3).
He/She/It	has (hasn't)	past participle (verb 3).

Contoh kalimat Present Perfect tense dalam dialog di atas:

• I've been very busy.
• I've cleaned the house.
• I've done a lot of shopping.
• I've sewn some buttons on your shirts.
• I've made cake.
• I've prepared some food.
• I've asked her to come.
• You've forgotten!
• We've promised to go ....
• The mail has arrived.
• Tom Foster has rung me.
• She's/She has caught a very bad cold.
• I've rung Yati.
• I've explained to her.
• She's/She has made some other arrangements for this evening.
• She's/She has promised to come to dinner tomorrow evening.

Apa fungsi Present Perfect Tense?

Present Perfect tense digunakan untuk menyampaikan gagasan bahwa sesuatu telah (atau tidak pernah) terjadi sebelumnya, yaitu pada suatu waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Jika digunakan dengan 'for' atau 'since', present perfect tense memiliki arti bahwa suatu kejadian/kegiatan berlangsung hingga sekarang.
Contoh kalimat dalam bentuk Present Perfect tense menggunakan "for" atau "since":

• He has worked for two hours.
• They have worked since two hours ago.
• It has been my pet for 5 years.
• They have been here since yesterday.

Jika Present Perfect tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu kejadian atau kegiatan di masa lampau, lalu apakah perbedaan Simple Past tense dengan Present Perfect tense?
Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut ini dengan cara mengubah kata kerja dalam kurung ke dalam bentuk Present Perfect dengan benar.

1. Nina ...(be)... angry with me since yesterday.
2. I ...(not read)... these magazines.
3. Her mother ...(sick)... for a week.
4. ... his family ...(live)... in this town since two years ago?
5. The students ...(have)... a flag ceremony for half an hour.
6. Michael and I ...(study)... this lesson since four days ago.
7. My brother ...(work)... on the experiment for two months.
8. ... the teacher ...(explain)... this chapter?
9. The boy ...(not eat)... since last night.
10. Miss Anita ...(not be)... here since yesterday.

Common polite expressions used when we ask for a favor and offer some help

Offering Help	Asking for a Favor / Help	Responses
Can I ... + Verb 1? Let me ... + Verb 1. What can I do for you? Can I help you? Let me help you. Let me give you a lift. Can I do something for you? Do you want something to ...? Shall I get you to ...?	Can/could/will/would you ... + Verb 1? Would you mind ... verb-ing? Can you help me? Can you hold this rabbit? Would you mind helping me with my homework?	Accepting Sure. Certainly. Of course. With pleasure. Refusing No, thanks. I can do it myself. I’m sorry. I can’t ....

---

Dialogue 1
Vera: Hey, Ary. You look busy. What are you doing?
Ary: Well, I want to separate my hamsters. They fight all the time.
Vera: How can I help you?
Ary: Well, please hold this hamster. I’ll take the other one out. He’s very naughty.
Vera: Are you sure it won't bite me?
Ary: Don't worry. It's quite tame. The other one isn't.
Vera: Wow. It's so cute.
Ary: Alright. It’s done. Thanks for the help.
Vera: My pleasure. I think they’re very hungry. What do you give them?
Ary: I give them carrots, cabbages and many other kinds of vegetable. By the way, where are you going?
Vera: Well, actually I’m here because I need your help.
Ary: What is it? I’ll be happy to help.
Vera: It’s the mathematics assignment from Mr. Gatot. I think it’s rather complicated.
Ary: Alright. Let's go in. I hope I can help you.

---

Dialogue 2

Romi: Would you mind helping me, Edo?
Edo: I'd be glad to, Romi. What do you want me to do?
Romi: Help me hang up this picture. Hold it straight while I put in the nail.
Edo: I'd be glad to.
Romi: Hand me the hammer. Give me one of those nails, too, please.
Edo: Here you are.
Romi: There. How does it look? Tell me if I have it straight.
Edo: Yes, it's straight, but it's upside down.

---

1. Answer these questions by referring to Dialogue 1
   
   1. Where does the dialogue probably take place?
   2. What does Ary want to do?
   3. What does Ary want Vera to do?
   4. What does Vera want Ary to do?
   5. Can Ary help her?
   6. What will probably happen after the dialogue?
2. Answer these questions by referring to Dialogue 2
   
   1. Where does the dialogue probably take place?
   2. What is Romi doing?
   3. What does Romi want Edo to do?
   4. What happens in the end?
   5. What will they probably do after the dialogue?
3. Change the following to questions used when we ask for someone's favor.
   1. I want you to get the broken printer repaired.
   2. I want you to turn the lights off.
   3. I want you to submit the proposal tomorrow morning.
   4. I want you to get the reports ready.
   5. I want you to help me lift this box.

An English conversation

Jim is sitting in a coffee lounge when Margaret comes in and sees him. Here is their conversation.

Margaret:	Oh, hello, Jim! You’ve finished your coffee! Have you been here long?
Jim:	I’ve been here since soon after ten o’clock, Margaret. I decided to sit here for a while, because I felt a little tired.
Margaret:	Well, you’ve been feeling tired for a long time. It’s nearly eleven o’clock! What have you been doing since you finished your coffee? Weren’t you bored?
Jim:	No, Margaret. I wasn’t bored. I’ve been sitting here thinking.
Margaret:	Well, well .... And you’d been doing that for more than half an hour when I came in? What were you thinking about?
Jim:	Oh, various things. For the last few minutes I’ve been wondering what Carol will be doing at this time next year.
Margaret:	She’ll probably be having a meal in some foreign restaurant. Or perhaps she’ll be writing a long email to one of her friends in Australia describing all her adventures.
Jim:	Yes, she’ll probably be having all sorts of adventures!
Margaret:	My word! I can just imagine her trying to explain something in Paris, waving her arms and speaking in a mixture of Spanish, English, and bad French!
Jim:	Yes, she’ll soon regret trying to learn Spanish instead of French ... I suppose you’ll be receiving amusing emails from her all the time she’s away?
Margaret:	I suppose I shall ... You know, I’m not so sure what I’ll be doing this time next year. Perhaps, I’ll be repeating the year! If I don’t start studying hard soon, I’ll certainly fail at the end of this year.
Jim:	Well, Margaret, I hate sounding like your Aunt Mabel, but – “take my advice and start studying immediately!” Because, unless you do, you probably won’t be working as a journalist in a few years’ time. And you’re very keen on that, aren’t you?”
Margaret:	I suppose you’re right, Jim. Yes, I suppose I’ll be studying hard all the rest of this year. I must say I don’t feel like it!
Jim:	Ah yes, but just think what you’ll be doing in three or four years’ time! When you’re a journalist, you’ll be traveling everywhere and seeing all sorts of interesting things. You’ll be meeting all sorts of interesting people.
Margaret:	You’ve said enough, Jim! From now on I’m going to study harder than anyone else!

The form of Future Continuous Tense (shall/will be verb-ing)

We form this tense using the future simple of to be + the present participle (Verb-ing). In the first person (I/we), will is more usual than shall, except in the interrogative.

Affirmative	I/we will/shall be working he/she/it/you/they mill be working
Negative	I/we will/shall not be working he/she/it/you/they will not be working Contractions: I/we won't/shan't be working he/she/it/you/they won't be working
Interrogative	shall/will I/we be working? will he/she/it/you/they be working?
Negative interrogative:	will we not/won't we be working? will he not/won't he be working?

Examples of Future Continuous tense:

• At 3 o’clock, Salim will be working in the garden.
• I’ll be working hard in the office all next week.
• At this time tomorrow, I’ll be watching a soccer match.
• Amat will be doing his homework all this evening.
• You won’t be working all day tomorrow, will you?
• What will you be doing in three weeks’ time?

The Use of Future Continuous tense

1. The future continuous tense is often used as an ordinary continuous tense, which indicates or predicts an action that will be happening at a certain time in the future. It is normally used with an adverb of time, and expresses an action or event which starts before that time and probably continues after it. Read the example below.
   

   "It is 10.00 a.m. now. The students are sitting in their classroom. They are studying. At 11.30, they will be having a break. At 2.00 pm, they will be sitting in their classroom again. Tomorrow is Saturday and there will be no class. This time tomorrow they will not be sitting in the classroom. They will be doing other things. Tito will be playing tennis. Erna will be shopping. Wisnu will be helping his parents in their shop."

2. The future continuous is used to express predictions and unintentional future/future without intention. It tells us about events at a future time, whether they are intentional or not. Read the example below:

   The students will be sitting in their classroom at this time tomorrow.
   (This does not imply that the students wish or have planned to sit in their classroom. It merely states that the action will happen as a routine or ordinary course of events.)

   The future continuous tense used in this way differs from the present continuous used for future arrangements.
   • The present continuous tense implies a definite and deliberate future action.
     I am meeting a new client tomorrow.
     (The first implies that the new client and/or the speaker has deliberately arranged the meeting.)
   • The future continuous tense usually implies or predicts an action which will occur in the normal course of events. It is therefore more casual than the present continuous.
     I'll be meeting a new client tomorrow.
     (It implies that the new client and the speaker will meet in the ordinary course of events.)
   However, with a definite time and for the near future, the difference is not very important and very often either tense can be used.
   • He'll be leaving tomorrow, or
     He is leaving tomorrow.
   • He won't be coming to the party, or
     He isn't coming to the party.
   With indefinite time or the remote future, the future continuous should be used.
   I'll be moving to another apartment (next month/next year/some time).
3. In second-person question-forms, the Future Continuous is used to make a polite question. It concerns future activities rather than future intentions. Pay attention to the examples below:
   1. Are you going to call them soon? (Direct question about intentions)
      Will you be calling them soon? (Pure question about future activities, by-passing the intentions themselves)
   2. Will you meet Anton? (Request)
      Will you be meeting Anton? (Pure question about future activities)

A. Change the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous tense.

1. When you arrive they (still prepare) the meal.
2. She (see) him in a few minutes.
3. The leaves (fall) soon.
4. She says she (do) the washing tomorrow.
5. We (have) crab for supper.
6. You (go) to Surabaya again this week?
7. We (not have) dinner in thirty minutes.
8. You (learn) more about this tense after you do the exercise.
9. Hurry up! The train (leave) in a minute.
10. You are so absent-minded you (forget) your head next.

B. Change the verbs into the Future Continuous. Notice the change of meaning in some sentences.

1. I'll write to you later.
2. He's coming home soon.
3. He is lecturing on the seventeenth-century poets next.
4. I shall see her tomorrow afternoon.
5. Are you going to use this spoon?
6. Will you come to the party?
7. When are you going to have the house painted?
8. Which school are you going to send him to?
9. You will make all the arrangements.
10. I will not do any business with them.

• Thomson & Martinet (1986). A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Allen W. Stannard (1989). Living English Structure. Hong Kong: Longman.
• Radio Australia, English for You. Victoria: The Dominion Press.

For other Future forms, also read:

hen we want to request the presence or participation of someone, especially to request them to come or go to some place, gathering, entertainment, etc., or to do something, we need to make an invitation. Invitations, spoken or written, must be made in a kindly, courteous, or complimentary way. Here, we will learn about some of the most common English expressions used when someone wants to make and respond to an invitation politely. Please notice the form of the verbs used in different expressions.

What do you say if you want to make an invitation?

Making an Invitation
I would like We would like you	to invite you to my birthday party. to join us. to go with us.
Would you like Do you want	to take a nice walk? to join us? to go with us? to see a film tonight?
How about What about Do you feel like	taking a nice walk? joining us? going with us? seeing a film tonight?
Shall we Will you Would you Why don't we	eat out tonight? come to my party?
Let's	take an afternoon walk.
How about What about Would you like	a nice walk? a cup of coffee? some cold drink?

What do you say if you want to respond to an invitation?

Accepting an Invitation	Refusing an Invitation
That’s great. That’s alright. That’s a good idea. OK. I will.	I’d love to, but I'm afraid I can’t. I’m sorry I can’t. Well, I’d rather not go out in this weather. Thanks for inviting, but I really have to study.

Now read and practice the dialogues below and answer the questions.

A. Dialogue 1

Lydia: What about going to the beach this weekend?
Ann: That’s a good idea, I’d love to. How are we going there?
Lydia: By motorcycle. I think it will be nice.
Ann: And what about our meals?
Lydia: We can have lunch at a restaurant there.
Ann: What time are we going?
Lydia: What about eight? I'll pick you up.
Ann: Alright. See you.
Questions:

1. Please copy the sentence(s) expressing an invitation in the above dialogue.
2. Who has the idea of going to the beach?
   
3. What does she say to express her invitation?
   
4. Does the other speaker accept the invitation? What does she say?
   
5. How are they going to the beach?
   

B. Dialogue 2

Jimmy: We’re going to a basketball game on Sunday and we’ve got an extra ticket. Would you like to join us?
Aldo: That sounds nice, but I’m sorry, I can’t. I have a mathematics test on Monday. I have to study. Thanks for inviting me, though.
Jimmy: Are you sure? Sharon’s going to go too.
Aldo: Oh, how’s Sharon doing?
Jimmy: She’s doing fine. She has a new car.
Aldo: Well, I really can’t go, but say hi to her for me, OK?
Jimmy: O.K. I will.
Questions:

1. Please copy the sentence(s) expressing an invitation in the above dialogue.
2. What does Jimmy offer Aldo to do?
3. Does Aldo agree to go?
4. What does Aldo say to respond to the invitation?
5. What is his excuse?
6. Do you think he refuses the invitation politely?

C. Dialogue 3

Nia: Rita, how are you going to spend this weekend tomorrow?
Rita: I have no idea. I’ll probably just stay at home, as usual.
Nia: Well, Alya and I are planning to go to the beach. Would you like to join us?
Rita: That sounds great. What time?
Alya: What about 8 a.m.?
Rita: I think that's too early. What about 9?
Alya: Alright. We’ll pick you up at 9. See you, Rita.
Rita: Alright. See you.
Questions:

1. Please copy the sentence(s) expressing an invitation in the above dialogue.
2. What invitation does Alya make to Rita?
3. Does Rita accept it?
4. What does Rita say to respond to the invitation?
5. Where will will they meet? What time?

D. Role Play

Now let’s practice what you have learnt about spoken invitations. Construct a short dialogue in which you invite a friend to do the following:

1. Have lunch at the Mc Donald’s
2. Go shopping in the mall
3. Take a walk in the park
4. Go fishing
5. Go to the cinema

etelah kita mempelajari bagaimana penggunaan dan perbedaan antara Simple Past dengan Past Perfect tense pada halaman Contrasting Past Tenses: The Simple Past VS The Past Perfect Tense, sekarang mari kita berlatih bagaimana penggunaan Past Perfect tense dalam dialog untuk membicarakan kegiatan atau kejadian lampau. Selengkapnya, untuk membaca lebih banyak lagi tentang materi Past Perfect dan penggunaannya, silahkan kunjungi halaman-halaman berikut ini:

1. Membandingkan perbedaan Past Perfect dengan Simple Past tense: Contrasting Past Tenses: The Simple Past VS The Past Perfect Tense.
2. Latihan soal membedakan penggunaan Simple Past VS the Past Perfect tense: Exercise: Past Perfect Tense VS Simple Past Tense
3. Latihan soal Past Perfect tense: Exercise: How to Use Past Perfect Tense

Selanjutnya, mari kita berlatih menggunakan bentuk Past Perfect Tense dalam dialog atau percakapan sehari-hari. Selamat berlatih, and good luck with your English.

Past Perfect Tense dalam Dialog

ALDO:	"I'm sorry you couldn't come to the play with me last night, Nina."
NINA:	"I'm sorry too, Aldo, but I'd already made other arrangements before you invited me."
ALDO:	"I know. But if you'd been able to come, you would have enjoyed it very much."
NINA:	"Was it a good play?"
ALDO:	"Yes, it was a good play, but there's another reason why you would have enjoyed yourself."
NINA:	"Why would I have enjoyed myself, then?"
ALDO:	"Because it was so funny?"
NINA:	"But it wasn't a comedy, was it? I thought that they'd decided to do a drama."
ALDO:	"That's right! They'd decided to do a serious drama, and they did a drama! But they hadn't prepared the play properly."
NINA:	"And so it became funny?"
ALDO:	"Yes! I laughed till I cried. Until I saw that play last night, I hadn't realized that a serious drama could be so amusing."
NINA:	"Oh, please tell me all about it, Aldo."
NINA:	"What happened?"
ALDO:	"At the beginning of the play, there was nobody on the stage. Then, one of the actors entered, and sit on a chair."
NINA:	"Oh please, Aldo. Don't laugh! Tell me what happened."
ALDO:	"Well, he'd just sat down when someone knocked at the door. He turned around suddenly - and the chair broke!"
NINA:	"Oh dear! And by that time he hadn't spoken a word, I suppose."
ALDO:	"No. Everybody laughed. The actor who was knocking at the door hadn't heard the crash, so he knocked again. The actor who had broken the chair called out: "Come in!" The first actor hadn't got up from the floor when the second one came in and started to laugh too!"
NINA:	"And then what happened?"
ALDO:	"When they removed the broken chair, the play really began."
NINA:	"But you said that the actors hadn't learnt the play properly. Tell me about that!"
ALDO:	"A little later, at one of the most interesting moments in the play, one of the actors forgot what to say next. He couldn't remember what to say, and nobody helped him."
NINA:	Oh, poor man! What did he do?"
ALDO:	"After he'd stood there for a few moments, he started to speak again, but they weren't the right words. Because he hadn't said the right words, the other actors didn't know what to say next."
NINA:	"And I suppose everyone laughed again!"
ALDO:	"Yes, and when they'd started to laugh, they couldn't stop laughing during the rest of the play. The actors made a lot more mistakes, and people laughed more and more. It was a wonderful play!"
NINA:	"Well, Aldo, I'm really sorry I'd made those other arrangements!"

Bagaimanakah bentuk Past Perfect Tense?

Bacalah lagi dialog di atas dengan memperhatikan kalimat-kalimat yang dicetak miring.

• ... I'd (I had) already made ....
  
• ... you'd (you had) been able to come, ....
• ... They'd (They had) decided to do ....
• ... they hadn't prepared the play ....
• ... I hadn't realized ....
• ... they hadn't chosen the furniture ....
• ... he'd just sat down ....
• ... by that time, he hadn't spoken a word, ....
• ... The actor who was knocking at the door hadn't heard the crash, ....
• ... The actor who had broken the chair ....
• ... The first actor hadn't got up ....
• ... the actors hadn't learnt the play ....
• ... After he'd stood there ....
• ... he hadn't said the right words ....
• ... when they'd started to laugh ....

Perhatikan bahwa kata kerja yang digunakan adalah bentuk had + perfect infinitive (had verb 3). Bentuk kata kerja inilah yang disebut Past Perfect tense. Perhatikan kalimat-kalimat berikut:

1. Affirmative: "I had/I'd studied."
2. Negative: "I had not/hadn't studied."
3. Interrogative: "Had I studied?"
4. Negative interrogative: "Had I not/hadn't I studied?"

Bagaimana dan kapan bentuk Past Perfect Tense digunakan?

1. Past perfect sebagai bentuk lampau dari present perfect. Contoh:
   Present perfect: "Ann has just left. If you hurry you'll catch her".
   Past: "When I arrived Ann had just left".
   Present: "I have lost my eraser. I have to borrow one from my friend."
   Past: "I had lost my eraser and had to borrow one from my friend."
2. Past perfect dengan "since/for/always", digunakan untuk kegiatan/kejadian yang baru saja selesai atau masih berlanjut sampai pada saat itu. Contoh:
   I met Lisa at the restaurant a few months ago. She had worked there as a waiter for a year/since she moved here. (Past perfect continuous "She had been working ...." juga bisa digunakan di situasi tersebut)
   Lisa had worked as a cashier in a shop for two years. Then, she decided to find another job. (Bentuk past perfect continuous "had been working" tidak bisa digunakan pada kalimat ini karena kondisi yang dimaksud sudah tidak berlangsung lagi)
3. Past perfect sebagai bentuk lampau yang ekuivalen/setara dengan simple past, digunakan untuk membicarakan suatu kondisi/kejadian yang lebih lampau lagi. Contoh:
   The boy had to work hard at an early age. His father had died years before and since then he had lived alone with his mother. His father had left him a small farm and had taught him how to be a farmer.
   I was late. When I arrived, she was a bit upset as she had waited for half an hour. (Past perfect continuous "she had been waiting" bisa dipakai dalam kalimat ini karena kejadian yang dimaksud masih berlangsung)

Catatan:

Dalam penggunaan yang ke-3, yaitu dalam hal menceritakan kejadian yang lebih lampau, pemakaian Past perfect tense tidak diperlukan jika kita bercerita secara berurutan sesuai dengan kronologi waktu kejadian, tanpa harus melompat lagi ke waktu yang lebih lampau. Dalam hal ini, bentuk waktu yang harus digunakan adalah Simple past tense. Contoh:
His father taught him how to be a farmer. When he was sixteen, his father died and left him a small farm. Then, he lived alone with his mother.

Reference:

• Thomson & Martinet (1986). A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Allen W. Stannard (1989). Living English Structure. Hong Kong: Longman.
• Radio Australia, English for You. Victoria: The Dominion Press.

A. Future Perfect Tense dalam Dialog

BETTY:	"Jim! ... Jim!"
JIM:	"Wait. I'm still busy working."
BETTY:	"Jim! Will you listen to me? I want to talk to you."
JIM:	"Oh! Do you want to talk to me?"
BETTY:	"Of course, I want to talk to you."
JIM:	"Well, what do you want to talk about? Do you really want to talk to me while I am working? I'll be able to come inside and talk to you when we have coffee. I'll have drunk my coffee by about eleven o'clock, and then I'll finish making the box. I'll have finished making it by about half past eleven, and then I'll paint it. By lunch time, I'll have made myself a new fishing box and I'll have painted it."
BETTY:	"Jim!"
JIM:	"What's the matter, Betty? Is the coffee ready now?"
BETTY:	"No, the coffee isn't ready now! That's what I want to talk to you about. You won't have drunk your coffee by eleven o'clock."
JIM:	"Why not? It's only half past ten now."
BETTY:	"You won't have drunk your coffee by eleven o'clock because I won't have made it."
JIM:	"Why won't you have made it?"
BETTY:	"I won't have made it because we don't have any coffee."
JIM:	"Oh! ... Why don't you say so?"
BETTY:	"I've tried to tell you several times, but you started hammering again, or sawing, and I had to shout at you."
JIM:	"I'm sorry, Betty."
BETTY:	"Now, are you listening?"
JIM:	"Yes, I'm listening."
BETTY:	"When I came outside, I wanted to ask you to go in the car to get some coffee."
JIM:	"But that will take time! If I don't keep on working now, I won't have painted the fishing box by lunchtime."
BETTY:	"Unless you leave off working now, you won't have any coffee. In fact, you won't have coffee again until Monday, because the shops will be shut until then."
JIM:	"I see! Hmmm. Oh well, I won't have painted my fishing box by lunchtime but that won't really matter. I don't mind going to get some coffee. I'll go now. Is everything ready except the coffee?"
BETTY:	"No, the cups aren't ready yet."
JIM:	Well, you'd better hurry! I won't be long. If you don't hurry, I'll have returned with the coffee, and you still won't be ready."
BETTY:	"All right, I'll hurry."
JIM:	"I won't be long."

B. Bagaimanakah bentuk Future Perfect Tense?

Bacalah lagi dialog di atas dengan memperhatikan kalimat-kalimat yang dicetak miring. Perhatikan bahwa kata kerja yang digunakan adalah bentuk will/shall + perfect infinitive (will/shall + have verb 3). Bentuk kata kerja inilah yang disebut Future Perfect tense.

C. Bagaimana penggunaan Future Perfect Tense?

1. Shall bisa digunakan jika subyek berupa orang pertama (I atau We), meskipun shall sudah jarang digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris modern .
2. Future perfect tense sangat sering digunakan bersama keterangan waktu yang diawali dengan kata by then, by that time, by the ....
3. Future perfect tense bisa digunakan untuk mengutarakan kejadian/keadaan yang pada suatu saat nanti akan menjadi kejadian/keadaan lampau, atau baru saja selesai dikerjakan.
   Agar lebih mudah memahami penjelasan tentang future perfect tense ini, mari kita perhatikan contoh situasi di bawah ini.
   It is March 7th today. The third-grade students are busy preparing for the final exam that they are taking in the end of this month. We'd better wait till April to hold the students' art show. The students will have had their exam by then, so they'll be able to enjoy themselves.

D. Soal Latihan Future Perfect Tense

A. Isilah bagian kosong dengan bentuk Future Perfect tense dari kalimat di dalam kurung.
Contoh: (Tina is washing the carpet now.) When we arrive home, Tina will have washed the carpet.

1. (Ms. Ida is making the beds now.) By ten o'clock, Ms. Ida ....
2. (The men are repairing the computer now.) When you come from lunch this afternoon, the men ....
3. (Margaret is writing her essay this week.) By next Tuesday, Margaret ....
4. (Mr. Adi is reading the book.) Mr. Adi ... by this time next week.
5. (I'm polishing my shoes now.) When breakfast is ready, I ....
6. (We're cutting this big tree down now.) By this evening, we ....
7. (Rio is planting some plants in the garden now.) Rio ... by half past two.
8. (She's sewing herself a dress today.) When her mother comes home, she ....
9. (They're moving into their new house.) By tomorrow, they ....
10. (Dwi and Sasha are doing their university courses.) They ... by the year after next.

B. Ubahlah kalimat-kalimat berikut menjadi kalimat tanya.
Contoh:
She will have completed the exercise by one o'clock.
Answer: WIll she have completed the exercise by one o'clock?
(How long) he'll have been in this office by next year.
Answer: How long will he have been in this office by next year?

1. You'll have finished that job by next Friday.
   ... by next Friday?
2. (What time) they will have cleaned this room.
   What time ...?
3. (When) she'll have cooked the dinner.
   When ...?
4. They will have explored the forest soon.
   ... soon?
5. (What) you'll have done by the time I return.
   What ... by the time I return?
6. The lawn service agent will have mown our lawn by this evening.
   ... by this evening?

C. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut dengan menggunakan kalimat lengkap dalam bentuk Future Perfect tense.

1. Romy will save one hundred thousand rupiahs in April. He'll save fifty thousand rupiahs in May. Will he have saved two hundred thousand rupiahs by the end of May?
   Answer : No, he ... by the end of May.
2. It is 2019. Hana moved here in 2012. Will she have lived here for ten years by next year?
   Answer : No, she ... by next year.
3. It is 9 a.m. now. We will drive at the speed of 70 kilometer per hour. Surabaya is 100 kilometers away from here. Will we have arrived in Surabaya by ten o'clock?
   Answer : No, we ... by ten o'clock.

Untuk mengerjakan soal ini dalam versi CBT (computer-based test) dan melihat kunci jawaban serta mengetahui skor anda, klik tautan di bawah ini. Reference:

• Thomson & Martinet (1986). A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Radio Australia, English for You. Victoria: The Dominion Press.